Angina (Coronary artery disease)
Arrhythmias / dysrhythmias -(irregular heartbeats)
Cardiomyopathies (problems with heart muscle)
Congestive Heart Failure
Congenital Heart Disease (defects present at birth)
Heart Murmurs
Myocardial Infarction (heart attack)
Valvular Heart Disease - including mitral valve conditions

Arterial Disorders

Aneurysms (abnormal stretching of blood vessels ) Hypertension (high blood pressure)
Stroke (Brain Attack)
Venous Disorders
Deep Venous Thrombosis (DVT)- deep blood clots in the legs
Varicose Veins

What is the heart's structure?
How does the heart pump blood?

Where does your heart get its own oxygen?

How are congential heart defects diagnosed?
How are congenital heart defects treated?

Q) What is Coronary Artery Disease?
Q) What is Peripheral Vascular Disease?
Q) Are You At Risk For Heart Disease?
Q) How Can You Reduce Your Risk For Heart Disease?
Q) What is cholesterol?
Q) What affects blood cholesterol levels?
Q) How Does High Cholesterol Increase Your Risk For Heart Disease?
Q) What Affects Blood Cholesterol Levels?
Q) Do All Types Of Fats Raise Blood Cholesterol Levels?
Q) Is Your Blood Cholesterol Level Too High?
Q) What Is High Blood Pressure?
Q) How Does High Blood Pressure Increase Your Risk For Heart Disease?
Q) Is Your Blood Pressure Too High?
Q) How Does Smoking Increase Your Risk For Heart Disease?
Q) Will I gain weight if I quit smoking?
Q) How Does Being More Active Lower Your Risk For Heart Disease?
Q) Are You Active Enough?
Q) Which Types Of Activities Are Best?
Q) How Does Excess Body Weight Increase Your Risk For Heart Disease?
Q) Do You Weigh More Than You Should?
Q) Is excess fat in the upper or lower body more harmful?
Q) How can I Iose weight and keep it off?
Q) Why Do You Need To Exercise?
Q) Are there any dangers with dieting?
Q) Does Stress Increase The Risk For Heart Disease?
Q) What Are The Symptoms Of Stress?
Q) Is stress harmful for you?
Q) Does a diet high in sugar increase the risk for coronary heart disease?
Q) Should I take antioxidant supplements to reduce my risk for coronary heart disease?
Q) Once cholesterol-rich deposits form in my arteries, do they ever go away?
Q) What Is Angina?
Q) What Causes Angina?
Q) Does chest pain always mean a heart problem?
Q) When is angina an emergency?
Q) How Is Angina Diagnosed?
Q) What Type Of Treatment Is Available?
Q) What does "unstable" angina mean?
Q) How do nitroglycerin pills stop angina?

Q) What Is an Electrocardiogram?
Q) Who Needs an Electrocardiogram?
Q) What Happens During an Electrocardiogram?
Q) What Does an Electrocardiogram Show?

Q) Is the heart enlarged or normal?
Q) Are there signs of heart failure and fluid overload?
Q) Does the patient have pneumonia or a collapsed lung?
Q) Is there evidence of emphysema?
Q) Are there findings of an aneurysm involving the aorta (the major blood vessel that arises from the heart and supplies oxygenated blood to the body)?
Q) Is there fluid in the sac that surrounds the lung?
Q) Is there free air under the diaphragm (the partition that separates the chest from the abdomen) to suggest a hole in the bowel wall?
Q) Is there a tumor in the lung that could represent cancer?
Q) Are there changes of bronchitis or emphysema?

Q) What Is an Exercise Stress Test?
Q) Why do I need a stress test?
Q) What happens during the test?
Q) What is monitored during the test?
Q) What equipment is used?
Q) Is there a risk?
Q) What Types of Stress Tests Are There?
Q) How Should I Prepare for the Exercise Stress Test?
Q) What If I Have Diabetes?
Q) What Should I Wear the Day of the Test?
Q) What Happens During the Exercise Stress Test?
Q) How does a Regular Stress Test work?
Q) How is a Treadmill Stress Test performed?
Q) How safe is it?
Q) What is the reliability of the test?
Q) When is a Regular Stress Test ordered?
Q) How is a Regular Treadmill Stress Test Performed?
Q) How quickly will I get the results and what will it mean?

Q) What is echocardiography?
Q) What are the different types of echocardiography?
Q) What problems can echocardiography diagnose?
Q) How is an echocardiogram performed?

Q) Is exploring the coronary arteries using computed tomography (CT) almost as good as exploring them directly with a catheter?
Q) Have you tried this method?
Q) Isn't this the better method?
Q) What are the merits and demerits of this method?

Q) What Are Holter and Event Monitors?
Q) Who Needs a Holter or Event Monitor?
Q) What Does a Holter or Event Monitor Show?
Q) What Are the Risks From Using a Holter or Event Monitor?

Q) What is Angiography?
Q) When is coronary angiography required?
Q) Are there any risks involved?
Q) What happens during an Angiogram?
Q) How do you prepare for an Angiogram?
Q) What will you feel during the Angiogram?
Q) What is angioplasty?
Q) What is a stent?
Q) What are the different kinds of Angiogram? Q) What Is a Coronary Angiogram?
Q) Why do I need this test?
Q) What happens in the test?
Q) What might I feel?
Q) What happens after the test?
Q) How important or necessary is this test for diagnosis?
Q) Do any tests need to be done prior to the angiogram?
Q) What type of angiography will be performed?
Q) What will happen during the procedure?
Q) What are the risks?
Q) What should be expected after the procedure?
Q) Will any medication be given?
Q) What are the side effects?
Q) Will any anesthesia be given?
Q) What should I do to prepare for my procedure?
Q) What is my expected recovery time and will I have any activity restrictions?
Q) Will the procedure be painful?
Q) What is conscious sedation?
Q) What are the risks of my procedure?
Q) What happens after I check in at the hospital?
Q) What is an angiogram?
Q) What is an angioplasty?
Q) Why do I need an angiogram, angioplasty and/or stent?
Q) What signs should I watch for, following the procedure, which may indicate a problem?
Q) What is peripheral vascular disease (PVD)?
Q) What are the symptoms of PVD?
Q) What are the risk factors of PVD?
Q) What should I do to prepare for my procedure?
Q) What is my expected recovery time and will I have any activity restrictions?
Q) Will the procedure be painful?
Q) What is conscious sedation?
Q) What are the risks of my procedure?
Q) What happens after I check in at the hospital?
Q) What is an angiogram?
Q) What is an angioplasty?
Q) Why do I need an angiogram, angioplasty and/or stent?
Q) What signs should I watch for, following the procedure, which may indicate a problem?
Q) What is peripheral vascular disease (PVD)?
Q) What are the symptoms of PVD?
Q) What are the risk factors of PVD?
Q) What is Ultrasound?
Q) What is an Echocardiogram?
Q) What is Doppler?
Q) What information does it provide?
Q) How safe is it?
Q) How long does it take?
Q) How quickly do I get the results and what do they mean?
Q) What is a Doppler Examination?
Q) What information does Echocardiography and Doppler provide?

Q) For what conditions are beta-blockers prescribed?
Q) What are the side effects?
Q) Can elderly people take beta-blockers?
Q) Who should avoid using ACE inhibitors?

Q) What is electromagnetic interference?
Q) What is radio frequency interference?
Q) How does interference propagate?
Q) What are some common sources of conducted interference?
Q) What are some common sources of radiated interference?
Q) What is heart block?
Q) What is sick sinus syndrome?
Q) What is AV block?
Q) What doctors treat arrhythmias?
Q) Why do I need a pacemaker?
Q) What kind of pacemaker will be implanted?
Q) What is a pacing lead?
Q) What is a pacemaker?
Q) Are there different kinds of pacemakers for different activity levels?
Q) Can pacemaker patients live an active lifestyle? What if they do something that is too strenuous for the pacemaker to handle?
Q) Can people hear and feel pacemakers tick inside of them?
Q) Are there any diet restrictions?
Q) What is a pacemaker identification card?
Q) How long does a pacemaker last?
Q) How many can a person expect to have in a lifetime?
Q) Are there different kinds of pacemakers for different activity levels?
Q) Can I go back to my normal activities after my implant?
Q) What does my pacemaker feel like when it's working?
Q) When should I call my doctor?
Q) How often should my pacemaker be checked?
Q) Will my pacemaker ever need to be replaced?
Q) What should I do to prepare for the procedure?
Q) How are pacemakers implanted?
Q) What happens during the procedure?
Q) What happens after the procedure?
Q) Will I be able to move around after the procedure?
Q) How often will I need to see my doctor?
Pacemaker problems can rarely occur long after the implantation procedure. These "late" complications include generator failure (extremely rare), and lead failure (rare). Treating doctors, Manufacturers are required to report device failures to the FDA. which will order companies to issue either "advisories" or recalls if a particular model seems prone to failure.
While handling such cases, the following questions need to be answered.
Q) Who is the manufacturer of the pacemaker?
Q) Who among the regulators were involved?
Q) How is pacemaker sabotage carried out?
Q) What devices can interfere with pacemakers?
Q) Who has these devices?

Q) What Is Coronary Angioplasty?
Q) Why Is Angioplasty Done?
Q) What is variant angina?
Q) What Are The Advantages Of Angioplasty Over Bypass Surgery?
Q) Who Does Angioplasty Benefit?
Q) How effective is this operation/procedure?
Q) What happens during angioplasty?
Q) What types of interventional procedures are used in angioplasty?
Q) What happens after the procedure?
Q) Can this procedure cure coronary artery disease?
Q) What kind of stent are you intending to use?
Q) Why is angioplasty necessary?
Swab anesthesia at the site of catheterization.
Q) What is the advantage of swabbing anesthesia at the site of catheterization?
It prevents painful catheterization during the procedure.
Q) What questions should the patients be asked after the procedure?
Q) Did you feel any pain?
Q) Did you feel any discomfort?
Interventional Cardiologists.
Q) What have you done in this regard?
Q) What are you doing in this regard?
Q) What are you going to do in this regard?

ADVANCED CARDIOVASCULAR LIFE SUPPORT
RHYTHM INTERPRETATION

Q) What is cardiac arrhythmia?
Q) What types of cardiac arrhythmias are there?
Q) What causes cardiac arrhythmias?
Q) What're the symptoms of cardiac arrhythmia?
Q) How is cardiac arrhythmia diagnosed?
Q) What're the treatments for cardiac arrhythmia?
1 Ventricular Fibrillation
2 Sinus Rhythm with PJC's
3 2nd Degree Heart Block Mobitz Type I
4 Atrial Fibrillation
5 Sinus Rhythm with Multifocal PVC's
7 Sinus Rhythm with Unifocal PVCs
6 1st Degree Heart Block
8 Sinus Rhythm with PAC's
9 Accelerated Junctional Rhythm
10 Asystole
11 Junctional Escape Rhythm
12 Normal Sinus Rhythm
13 Ventricular Tachycardia
14 Sinus Bradycardia
15 Ventricular Bigeminy
16 Sinus Tachycardia
17 3rd Degree Heart Block (complete)
18 Idioventricular Rhythm
19 Atrial Flutter
20 2nd Degree Heart Block Mobitz Type II
a. Airway management
b. Arrythmias, Defibrillation, and Pacing
c. IV Access, Resuscitation, Circulatin, and Monitoring
d. Infant CPR and Ventilation
e. Review Questions
f. Appedices: Pharmacology, Algorithm Protocols
g. Chamber Abnormalities and Intraventricular Conduction Defects
h. SA and AV Nodal Block
i. Ischemia and Infarction
j. Reentrant Supraventricular Tachycardias
k. Ectopic Supraventricular Tachycardias
l. Extrasystoles and Pre-excitation Syndromes
m. Differential Diagnosis of Wide QRS Tachycardias
n. Medication and Electrolyte Effects, Miscellaneous Conditions
o. Electronic Pacemakers

A. Diagnostic cardiac catheterization and angiography
B. Coronary angioplasty (PTCA)
C. Cutting balloon angioplasty
D. Coronary stenting
E. Intravascular radiation therapy (brachytherapy)
F. Directional and rotational atherectomy
G. Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS)
H. Mitral and Aortic Valvuloplasty (PTAV/PTMV)
I. Closure of Patent Foramen Ovale (PFO)
J. Closure of Atrial Septal Defects (ASD)
K. Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)
L. Amplatzer Device
M. Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HOCM) treatment and Septal Ablation

What's your diagnosis?
What is a management plan for good care?