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What is Trauma? Trauma is an injury either minor, such as a sprained ankle, or major, such as a gunshot wound. There are two types of trauma — physical and mental. Physical trauma includes the body’s response to serious injury and threat. Mental trauma includes frightening thoughts and painful feelings. They are the mind’s response to serious injury. Mental trauma can produce strong feelings. It can also produce extreme behavior; such as intense fear or helplessness, withdrawal or detachment, lack of concentration, irritability, sleep disturbance, aggression, hyper vigilance (intensely watching for more distressing events), or flashbacks (sense that event is reoccurring). A response could be fear. It could be fear that a loved one will be hurt or killed. It is believed that more direct exposures to traumatic events causes greater harm. For instance, in a school shooting, an injured student will probably be more severely affected emotionally than a student who was in another part of the building. However, second-hand exposure to violence can also be traumatic. This includes witnessing violence such as seeing or hearing about death and destruction after a building is bombed or a plane crashes. What do the different levels of trauma centers mean? Answer: A trauma center is designated a specific level (I, II, III or IV) depending on the available resources to care for patients (specialty physicians, hospital staff and equipment) as well as its ability to participate in trauma research, healthcare professional education and injury prevention. For example, a Level I trauma center is usually a large, urban teaching hospital that can care for all types of injuries as well as provide support to community hospitals, perform trauma research and provide medical education. A Level II facility can care for the majority of trauma patients but may have to transfer some patients with more complex injuries to a Level I center. Level III and IV centers stabilize patients and transport them to a higher level of care if necessary. |