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Verbs
Verbs in English Language.

What should 18-year-olds know about verbs in the English language?
  1. How do you define English grammar in 11 words? Answer

  2. English language classes of words: How many are there? Answer

  3. English language phrases: How many are there? Answer

  4. English language clauses: How many are there? Answer

  5. English language sentence categories: How many are there? Answer

  6. English language sentence types: How many are there? Answer

  7. What are various examples? Answer

  8. What is a verb? What is it? Answer

  9. How many categories are there? Answer

  10. What are the categories of verbs in the English language? What are various categories with examples? Answer

  11. What is Inflection? Answer

  12. Do all English words have inflections? Answer

  13. What are the details of inflections of this word? Answer

  14. What are examples of inflections? Answer

  15. How do you use multiple verbs in the correct order? Answer

  16. Where does this word go in a simple declarative sentence? Answer

  17. Where does this word go in a question in English? Answer

  18. Where does this word go in various other types of sentences other than simple declarative sentence and a question? Answer

  19. What are various examples of verbs? Answer

  20. What should you be able to identify and know about a verb? Answer

  21. Forms of Main Verbs
    Main verbs (except the verb "be") have only 4, 5 or 6 forms. "Be" has 9 forms. Answer

  22. Irregular Simple Past and Past Participle Verb Forms Answer

  23. What are other names of helping verbs in the English language? Answer

  24. What are the categories of helping verbs (also called auxiliary verbs) in the English language? Answer

  25. What is a modal verb? What are modal verbs? What is the difference? Answer

  26. Can you name some modal verbs? Answer

  27. What are examples of modal verbs in the English language? Answer

  28. What are other terms for modal verbs in the English language? Answer

  29. What are the functions of modal verbs in the English language? Answer

  30. Where do we end this topic? Answer

  31. Is there a difference between verb conjugation and verb forms? Answer

  32. What are the headings under which verb forms are classified? Answer

  33. What should you look for to identify the verb in a sentence? Answer

  34. What is the function of a verb in the sentence? Answer

  35. Is the function of a verb in the sentence helping, main, transitive, intransitive, regular, irregular, linking, dynamic, static, active, or stative? Answer

  36. Can you identify transitive or intransitive verb while having a separate word? Answer

  37. How do you identify different verb tense sentences? Answer

  38. How do you write a question starting with a helping verb? Answer

  39. How do you write a question starting with a question word? Answer

  40. How many question words are there? Answer

  41. What are the different types of verbs? Answer

  42. What are some of the examples? Answer

  43. What is an auxiliary verb? Answer

  44. What is a modal verb? Answer

  45. What is the difference between an auxiliary verb and a modal verb? Answer

  46. How many modal auxiliary verbs are there?

  47. What is verb conjugation? Answer

  48. Can you give some examples? Answer

  49. What are phrasal verbs? Answer

  50. What is a linking verb? Answer

  51. What is a copula? Answer

  52. What is a conjunctive verb? Answer

  53. What is a defective verb? Answer

  54. What is a finite verb? Answer

  55. What is a nonfinite verb? Answer

  56. What is an impersonal verb? Answer

  57. What is a lexical verb? Answer

  58. What is a phrasal verb? Answer

  59. What is a reflexive verb? Answer

  60. What is a gerund? Answer

  61. What is Tense? Answer

  62. Are there exceptions? Answer

  63. What are some of the examples? Answer

  64. What are verbals? Answer

  65. How do verbals cause sentence fragments? Answer

  66. What is a split infinitive? Answer

  67. How many verbs are in this sentence: I do not want you to explain? Answer

  68. How many verbs are in these sentences: I want you to update records displayed online; whatever you have displayed, others get confused; you need to submit text file format? Answer

  69. What are the different types of conjunctions? Answer

  70. How are they used in sentences? Answer

  71. What do adverbs of time and adverbs of frequency reveal? Answer

  72. What should you keep in mind while writing a question or interrogative sentence? Answer

  73. Can this question or an interrogative thought be written in already existing types of questions? Answer

  74. Which is not a past form of a verb? Answer

  75. Which is not a present form of a verb? Answer

  76. Which is not a plural form of a verb? Answer

  77. Which is not a 3rd person singular form of a verb? Answer

  78. Which is not a modal? Answer

  79. Which is a regular verb? Answer

  80. Which is not a simple tense of a verb? Answer

  81. Which is not used as an auxiliary of a verb? Answer

  82. Which verb can be both singular and plural? Answer

  83. Which verb can be both singular and plural? Answer

  84. What is Tense? Answer

  85. Auxiliary verbs and question words: What's the difference? Answer

  86. What is a Main Verb Tense? Answer

  87. What are auxiliary verbs? Answer

  88. What are model verbs? Answer

  89. What are auxiliary verbs? Answer

  90. What are model verbs? Answer

  91. What are verbals? Answer

  92. How do verbals cause sentence fragments? Answer

  93. What is a split infinitive? Answer

  94. Where should a main verb be placed in s simple declarative sentence? Answer

  95. What is the difference between types and forms of verbs? Answer

  96. What are various verb forms? Answer

  97. How many verb forms are there? Answer

  98. Is there a difference between verb conjugation and verb forms? Answer

  99. Verb conjugation and verb tenses: what is the difference? Answer

  100. How many total verb tenses are there? Answer

  101. How do you write a question starting with a helping verb? Answer

  102. What is the form of the verb? Answer

  103. Is it infinitive, base, past simple, past participle, present participle, present simple, or third person singular? Answer

  104. What are various verb forms? Answer

  105. How many verb forms are there? Answer

  106. What are the headings under which verb forms are classified? Answer

  107. Is there a difference between verb conjugation and verb forms? Answer

  108. Verb conjugation and verb tenses: what is the difference? Answer

  109. What is an infinitive? Answer

  110. What is a participle? Answer

  111. What is a past participle? Answer

  112. What is the present participle? Answer

  113. How do you write a question starting with a helping verb? Answer

  114. How do you write a question starting with a question word? Answer

  115. What is an irregular verb? Answer

  116. What is the difference between regular verbs and irregular verbs? Answer

  117. What is a transitive verb? Answer

  118. What is an intransitive verb? Answer

  119. What is an infinitive? Answer

  120. How do you classify verbs? Answer

  121. What are auxiliary verbs? Answer

  122. What are primary auxiliary verbs? Answer

  123. What are modal auxiliary verbs? Answer

How do you define English grammar in 11 words?
English grammar consists of classes of words, phrases, clauses, and sentences. Punctuation, pronunciation, proverbs, idioms, and similar considerations fall within the classes of words and sentences. English includes at least 9 classes of words and 90 sub-classes of words. Adjectives, adverbs, conjunctions, determiners, interjections, pronouns, prepositions, nouns, and verbs are examples of classes of words in English. Each class of words in English has sub-classifications. There are at least 90 sub-classes of words in English. Research can identify many more types.

English language classes of words: How many are there? 9
English language phrases: How many are there? 12
English language clauses: How many are there? 4
English language sentence categories: How many are there? 4
English language sentence types: How many are there? At least 21. Research can reveal many more.
What are various examples? Here are further guidelines.

Verbs
Verbs in English Language.
What is a verb?
A verb is a word that expresses an action, a happening, a process or a state. It is one of the parts of speech. It is a word which expresses any one of the following concepts: doing, being or having.
Verbs are a necessary component of all sentences. Verbs have two important functions: Some verbs put static objects into motion while other verbs help to clarify the objects in meaningful ways.

The verb is perhaps the most important part of the sentence. A verb or compound verb asserts something about the subject of the sentence and express actions, events, or states of being. The verb or compound verb is the critical element of the predicate of a sentence.

One such important job is to show the state of completion of an action. This is the area of perfect tenses which we will see when we learn about tenses. 'To have' puts on four different type of costumes: has, have, had, and having.

What are the different types of verbs?
What are some of the examples?

Verb Classification Quiz

Helping

Main

Transitive
Intransitive
Regular
Irregular
Linking
Dynamic
Stative
Active

1 The grocery clerk (will) carry your bags out for you.
Helping

2 The mail (arrived) after I left.
Transitive

3 I have already (done) my homework.
Irregular

4 That book you recommended (sounds) interesting.
Linking

5 I (prefer) cream rather than milk.
Stative

6 Jerry (studies) for three hours every day.
Main

7 We (looked) at all of the art in the museum.
Regular

8 Would you (take) a picture for us?
Transitive

9 I don't want to (fight) about who gets the car.
Dynamic

10 She (seemed) like an interesting person.
Stative

We divide verbs into two broad classifications:
1. Helping Verbs
Imagine that a stranger walks into your room and says:
I can.
People must.
The Earth will.

Do you understand anything? Has this person communicated anything to you? Probably not! That's because these verbs are helping verbs and have no meaning on their own. They are necessary for the grammatical structure of the sentence, but they do not tell us very much alone. We usually use helping verbs with main verbs. They "help" the main verb. (The sentences in the above examples are therefore incomplete. They need at least a main verb to complete them.) There are only about 15 helping verbs.

2. Main Verbs

Now imagine that the same stranger walks into your room and says:
I teach.
People eat.
The Earth rotates.

Do you understand something? Has this person communicated something to you? Probably yes! Not a lot, but something. That's because these verbs are main verbs and have meaning on their own. They tell us something. Of course, there are thousands of main verbs.

In the following table we see example sentences with helping verbs and main verbs. Notice that all of these sentences have a main verb. Only some of them have a helping verb.

There are thousands of main verbs, and we can classify them in several ways:

Transitive and intransitive verbs

A transitive verb takes a direct object: Somebody killed the President. An intransitive verb does not have a direct object: He died. Many verbs, like speak, can be transitive or intransitive. Look at these examples:

transitive:

* I saw an elephant.
* We are watching TV.
* He speaks English.

intransitive:

* He has arrived.
* John goes to school.
* She speaks fast.

Linking verbs

A linking verb does not have much meaning in itself. It "links" the subject to what is said about the subject. Usually, a linking verb shows equality (=) or a change to a different state or place (>). Linking verbs are always intransitive (but not all intransitive verbs are linking verbs).

* Mary is a teacher. (mary = teacher)
* Tara is beautiful. (tara = beautiful)
* That sounds interesting. (that = interesting)
* The sky became dark. (the sky > dark)
* The bread has gone bad. (bread > bad)

Dynamic and stative verbs

Some verbs describe action. They are called "dynamic", and can be used with continuous tenses. Other verbs describe state (non-action, a situation). They are called "stative", and cannot normally be used with continuous tenses (though some of them can be used with continuous tenses with a change in meaning).

dynamic verbs (examples):

* hit, explode, fight, run, go

stative verbs (examples):

* be
* like, love, prefer, wish
* impress, please, surprise
* hear, see, sound
* belong to, consist of, contain, include, need
* appear, resemble, seem

Regular and irregular verbs

This is more a question of vocabulary than of grammar. The only real difference between regular and irregular verbs is that they have different endings for their past tense and past participle forms. For regular verbs, the past tense ending and past participle ending is always the same: -ed. For irregular verbs, the past tense ending and the past participle ending is variable, so it is necessary to learn them by heart.

regular verbs: base, past tense, past participle

* look, looked, looked
* work, worked, worked

irregular verbs: base, past tense, past participle

* buy, bought, bought
* cut, cut, cut
* do, did, done

What Should We Know About Verbs?

Six different things can work on these words and influence their shapes and functions (work).

They are: tense, aspect, voice, mood, person, and number.

We can learn about them in these topics.

* Types (according to any of these three ways: meaning, morphology, or syntax)
* Agreement with the subject.
* Tense and Aspect.
* Voice
* Mood
* Auxiliaries (including Modals)
* Linking
* Sequence of Tenses

What is third person passive voice?
Third person is when the narrator is not an actual character in the story, and refers to the characters by name or by "he," "she," "they," etc. The passive voice is when the character isn't actually doing anything, and the verbs that describe his actions are forms of the verb "to be": am, is, are, was, were, be, being, been. These verbs could be attributed to a rock as appropriately as they could be attributed to a person.

What should you be able to identify and know about a verb?
What is the form of the verb?
Is it regular or irregular?
Is it infinitive, base, past simple, past participle, present participle, present simple, or third person singular?
What are the headings under which verb forms are classified?
What is the function of a verb in the sentence?
Is the function of a verb in the sentence helping, main, transitive, intransitive, regular, irregular, linking, dynamic, static, active, or stative?
Can you identify transitive or intransitive verb while having a separate word?
How do you identify different verb tense sentences?
Each verb tense sentence has a particular word or feature different than other verb tense sentences.
How do you write a question starting with a helping verb?
How do you write a question starting with a question word?
How many question words are there?
What are the different types of verbs?
What is a modal verb?
What is the difference between an auxiliary verb and a modal verb?
Can you give some examples?
What is a linking verb?
What is a copula?
What is a conjunctive verb? What is a defective verb?
What is a finite verb?
What is a nonfinite verb?
What is an impersonal verb?
What is a lexical verb?
What is a phrasal verb?
What is a reflexive verb?
What is a gerund?
What is Tense?
Are there exceptions?
What are some of the examples?
What are verbals?
How do verbals cause sentence fragments?
What is a split infinitive?
What should you look for to identify the verb in a sentence?
Why is the word "to" followed by a verb in these sentences: I would like to go now; she used to smoke, as a preposition is followed by a "noun" but never by a verb?
How many verbs are in this sentence: I do not want you to explain?
What is Tense?
How do you tell when they are action verbs and when they are linking verbs?
What is a Main Verb Tense?
What are auxiliary verbs?
What are model verbs?
What are verbals?
How do verbals cause sentence fragments?
What is a split infinitive?
What is verb conjugation?
What should you be able to identify and know about a verb?
All verbs have four principal forms.
The be verb has nine forms.
Not all verbs have nine forms.

- infinitive base past simple past participle present participle present simple, 3rd person singular
regular (to) work work worked worked working works
irregular (to) be* be was were been being am are is
What is the form of the verb?
Is it regular or irregular?
Is it infinitive, base, past simple, past participle, present participle, present simple, or third person singular?
What are the headings under which verb forms are classified?
There are six headings under which verb forms are classified: infinitive, base, past simple, past participle, present participle, present simple, or third person singular.
What should you be able to identify and know about a verb?

What is the form of the verb?
Is it regular or irregular?
Is it infinitive, base, past simple, past participle, present participle, present simple, or third person singular?
Forms of a verb can be identified as a separate word or in a sentence.
Function of a verb can be identified in the sentence.
What is the function of a verb in the sentence?
Is the function of a verb in the sentence helping, main, transitive, intransitive, regular, irregular, linking, dynamic, static, active, or stative?
Can you identify transitive or intransitive verb while having a separate word?
No. You need to have a complete sentence. An auxiliary verb can function as a linking verb. You need to have a complete sentence to identify whether a verb is functioning as an auxiliary verb or linking verb.
A question should be a complete sentence, not a fragment.
A question should not be a complex question with many parts.
How do you identify different verb tense sentences?
Each verb tense sentence has a particular word or feature different than other verb tense sentences.

How do you write a question starting with a helping verb?
How do you write a question starting with a question word?
How many question words are there?
What are the different types of verbs?
The Verb's Role in a Sentence

Verbs can be divided according to the job they do in a sentence. The grammar-expert's way of saying this is that we can divide verbs syntactically. These are the divisions and sub-divisions according to syntax:

Main Verbs * finite verbs
    o transitive verbs
    o intransitive verbs
    o linking Verbs
* non-finite verbs
    o infinitives
    o gerunds
    o participles
    + present participle
    + past participle
    + perfect participle

Helping Verbs (auxiliaries)
    Primary helping verbs
    Modal helping verbs
Formation of the Verb-Word

We know that verbs are words, just like any other part of speech. The words that represent the verbs follow different patterns of spelling or sound. Verbs can, therefore, be divided into various kinds depending upon how they are formed. Grammarians would call this a morphological division.

* regular verbs
* irregular verbs
* compound verbs
* phrasal verbs

Verbs According to Meaning

I have earlier answered the question: what is a verb? There I used this division of verbs according to meaning to explain what a verb is. Those who know grammar well call this division of verbs a semantic classification.

* action words (action verbs)
* being
* having

Now you know the names of different verbs and how they are classified. We can classify them according to their role in a sentence (syntactically), or their formation (morphologically), or their meaning (semantically).

Dynamic and stative verbs

What are some of the examples?

or

We can classify them according to their role in a sentence (syntactically), or their formation (morphologically), or their meaning (semantically).

Helping Verbs

Helping verbs are also called "auxiliary verbs".
Primary helping verbs
Modal helping verbs

What is an auxiliary verb?
What is a modal verb?
What is the difference between an auxiliary verb and a modal verb?
Can you give some examples?
Auxiliary verbs are used together with a main verb to give grammatical information and therefore add extra meaning to a sentence, which is not given by the main verb.

Be, Do and Have are auxiliary verbs, they are irregular verbs and can be used as main verbs. The verbs 'to be' and 'to have' are the most commonly used auxiliary verbs and work alongside the main verbs in any statement.

Modal verbs are also auxiliary verbs, but will be treated separately, these are can, could, may, might, must, shall, should, will, and would, they differ from the others in that they can never function as a main verb.

To be

Be is the most common verb in the English language. It can be used as an auxiliary and a main verb. It is used a lot in its other forms.

Base form = be

Present form = am/is/are

Past form = was/were

Present Participle / Gerund = being

Past Participle = been

More on the Verb To Be
To do

The verb do is one of the most common verbs in English. It can be used as an auxiliary and a main verb. It is often used in questions.

Base form = do

Present form = do/does

Past form = did

Present Participle / Gerund = doing

Past Participle = done
More on the Verb To Do

!Note - The auxiliary verb 'do' is always followed by the base form (infinitive).

To have

Have is one of the most common verbs in the English language.

Base form = have

Present form = have / has

Past form = had

Present Participle / Gerund = having

Past Participle = had

Uses of Do, Does and Did
Uses of Have, Has and Had
Other common auxiliaries are "can," "could," "may," "might," "must," "ought," "should," "will," and "would." A verb like these is called a modal auxiliary and expresses necessity, obligation, or possibility.

Uses of Can and Could
Can versus May
Uses of May and Might
Uses of Will and Would
Uses of Shall and Will and Should
Uses of Used to
Main Verbs

Main verbs are also called "lexical verbs".

There are thousands of main verbs, and we can classify them in several ways:
Transitive and intransitive verbs
Linking verbs
Dynamic and stative verbs
Regular and irregular verbs

Main verbs have meaning on their own (unlike helping verbs).

Transitive and intransitive verbs

A transitive verb takes a direct object: Somebody killed the President. An intransitive verb does not have a direct object: He died. Many verbs, like speak, can be transitive or intransitive. Look at these examples:

transitive:

* I saw an elephant.
* We are watching TV.
* He speaks English.

saw
watching
speaks

intransitive:

* He has arrived.
* John goes to school.
* She speaks fast.

arrived
goes
speaks

Linking verbs

A linking verb does not have much meaning in itself. It "links" the subject to what is said about the subject. Usually, a linking verb shows equality (=) or a change to a different state or place (>). Linking verbs are always intransitive (but not all intransitive verbs are linking verbs).

* Mary is a teacher. (mary = teacher)
* Tara is beautiful. (tara = beautiful)
* That sounds interesting. (that = interesting)
* The sky became dark. (the sky > dark)
* The bread has gone bad. (bread > bad)

is
sounds
became
has gone

Dynamic and stative verbs

Some verbs describe action. They are called "dynamic", and can be used with continuous tenses. Other verbs describe state (non-action, a situation). They are called "stative", and cannot normally be used with continuous tenses (though some of them can be used with continuous tenses with a change in meaning).

dynamic verbs (examples):

* hit, explode, fight, run, go

stative verbs (examples):

* be
* like, love, prefer, wish
* impress, please, surprise
* hear, see, sound
* belong to, consist of, contain, include, need
* appear, resemble, seem

Regular and irregular verbs

This is more a question of vocabulary than of grammar. The only real difference between regular and irregular verbs is that they have different endings for their past tense and past participle forms. For regular verbs, the past tense ending and past participle ending is always the same: -ed. For irregular verbs, the past tense ending and the past participle ending is variable, so it is necessary to learn them by heart.

regular verbs: base, past tense, past participle

* look, looked, looked
* work, worked, worked

irregular verbs: base, past tense, past participle

* buy, bought, bought
* cut, cut, cut
* do, did, done

One way to think of regular and irregular verbs is like this: all verbs are irregular and the so-called regular verbs are simply one very large group of irregular verbs.

Often the above divisions can be mixed. For example, one verb could be irregular, transitive and dynamic; another verb could be regular, transitive and stative.
Active and Passive Verbs
What are phrasal verbs?
What is a linking verb?
What is a copula?
What is a conjunctive verb? What is a defective verb?
What is a finite verb?
What is a nonfinite verb?
What is an impersonal verb?
What is a lexical verb?
What is a phrasal verb?
What is a reflexive verb?
What is a gerund?
What is Tense?
Are there exceptions?
What are some of the examples?
Verb phrases consist of one main verb and one or more helping verbs (also called auxiliary verbs).
What are verbals?
How do verbals cause sentence fragments?
What is a split infinitive?
What should you look for to identify the verb in a sentence?
Why is the word "to" followed by a verb in these sentences: I would like to go now; she used to smoke, as a preposition is followed by a "noun" but never by a verb? In these sentences, "to" is not a preposition. It is part of the infinitive: to go, to smoke.

How many verbs are in this sentence: I do not want you to explain?
1 2 3 4 5

How many verbs are in these sentences: I want you to update records displayed online; whatever you have displayed, others get confused; you need to submit text file format?
1 2 3 4 5

What are the different types of conjunctions?
How are they used in sentences?
What do adverbs of time and adverbs of frequency reveal?

What should you keep in mind while writing a question or interrogative sentence?
Can this question or an interrogative thought be written in already existing types of questions?
1) Which is not a past form of a verb?
was had looked spoke hear

2) Which is not a present form of a verb?
are saw has talk speak

3) Which is not a plural form of a verb?
are were am have do

4) Which is not a 3rd person singular form of a verb?
goes has was are does

5) Which is not a modal?
must is should can may

6) Which is a regular verb?
looked saw was spoke heard

7) Which is not a simple tense of a verb?
will move heard has spoken will talk see

8) Which is not used as an auxiliary of a verb?
was have did will sees

9) Which verb can be both singular and plural?
sees has do am is

10) Which verb can be both singular and plural?
was does have comes hears

1.hear
2.saw
3.am
4.are
5.is
6.looked
7.has spoken
8.sees
9.do
10.have


Tense is a method that we use in English to refer to time - past, present and future. Many languages use tenses to talk about time. Other languages have no tenses, but of course they can still talk about time, using different methods.

Auxiliary verbs and question words: What's the difference?
Helping verbs are also called "auxiliary verbs".
A gerund is a verbal that ends in -ing and functions as a noun. The term verbal indicates that a gerund, like the other two kinds of verbals, is based on a verb and therefore expresses action or a state of being. However, since a gerund functions as a noun, it occupies some positions in a sentence that a noun ordinarily would, for example: subject, direct object, subject complement, and object of preposition.

Gerund as subject:

* Traveling might satisfy your desire for new experiences. (Traveling is the gerund.)
* The study abroad program might satisfy your desire for new experiences. (The gerund has been removed.)

Gerund as direct object:

* They do not appreciate my singing. (The gerund is singing.)
* They do not appreciate my assistance. (The gerund has been removed)

Gerund as subject complement:

* My cat's favorite activity is sleeping. (The gerund is sleeping.)
* My cat's favorite food is salmon. (The gerund has been removed.)

Gerund as object of preposition:

* The police arrested him for speeding. (The gerund is speeding.)
* The police arrested him for criminal activity. (The gerund has been removed.)

A Gerund Phrase is a group of words consisting of a gerund and the modifier(s) and/or (pro)noun(s) or noun phrase(s) that function as the direct object(s), indirect object(s), or complement(s) of the action or state expressed in the gerund, such as:

Points to remember:

1. A gerund is a verbal ending in -ing that is used as a noun.
2. A gerund phrase consists of a gerund plus modifier(s), object(s), and/or complement(s).
3. Gerunds and gerund phrases virtually never require punctuation.
Gerunds are sometimes called "verbal nouns".

When a verb ends in -ing, it may be a gerund or a present participle. It is important to understand that they are not the same.

When we use a verb in -ing form more like a noun, it is usually a gerund:

  • Fishing is fun.

When we use a verb in -ing form more like a verb or an adjective, it is usually a present participle:

  • Anthony is fishing.
  • I have a boring teacher.

In this lesson, we look at the different ways in which we use gerunds, followed by a quiz to check your understanding:

Many grammarians do not like to use the expression "gerund". That is because there is sometimes no clear difference between a gerund and a present participle.

http://www.englishclub.com/grammar/verbs-gerunds.htm

http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/627/01/
All helping verbs are used with a main verb (either expressed or understood*). There are 2 groups of helping verbs:

  • Primary helping verbs, used mainly to change the tense or voice of the main verb, and in making questions and negatives.
  • Modal helping verbs, used to change the "mood" of the main verb.

Study the table below. It shows the prinicipal forms and uses of helping verbs, and explains the differences between primary and modal helping verbs.

* Sometimes we make a sentence that has a helping verb and seems to have no main verb. In fact, the main verb is "understood". Look at the following examples:

  • Question: Can you speak English? (The main verb speak is "expressed".)
  • Answer: Yes, I can. (The main verb speak is not expressed. It is "understood" from the context. We understand: Yes, I can speak English.

But if somebody walked into the room and said "Hello. I can", we would understand

Helping Verbs
PrimaryModal
do(to make simple tenses, and questions and negatives)cancould
be(to make continuous tenses, and the passive voice)maymight
have(to make perfect tenses)willwould
shallshould
must
ought (to)
"Do", "be" and "have" as helping verbs have exactly the same forms as when they are main verbs (except that as helping verbs they are never used in infinitive forms).Modal helping verbs are invariable. They always have the same form.
Primary helping verbs are followed by the main verb in a particular form:
  • do + V1 (base verb)
  • be + -ing (present participle)
  • have + V3 (past participle)
"Ought" is followed by the main verb in infinitive form. Other modal helping verbs are followed by the main verb in its base form (V1).
  • ought + to... (infinitive)
  • other modals + V1 (base verb)
"Do", "be" and "have" can also function as main verbs.Modal helping verbs cannot function as main verbs.

English verb conjugation
Top 11 English Verbs Conjugated
  1. be

  2. have

  3. run

  4. go

  5. swim

  6. eat

  7. do

  8. read

  9. see

  10. come


    Take a look at this.

Forms of Main Verbs

Main verbs are also called "lexical verbs".
Main verbs (except the verb "be") have only 4, 5 or 6 forms. "Be" has 9 forms.
  V1V2V3  
 infinitivebasepast simplepast participlepresent participlepresent simple, 3rd person singular
regular(to) workworkworkedworkedworkingworks
irregular(to) sing
(to) make
(to) cut
sing
make
cut
sang
made
cut
sung
made
cut
singing
making
cutting
sings
makes
cuts
(to) do*
(to) have*
do
have
did
had
done
had
doing
having
does
has
infinitivebasepast simplepast participlepresent participlepresent simple
(to) be*bewas, werebeenbeingam, are, is

In the above examples:

  • to cut has 4 forms: to cut, cut, cutting, cuts
  • to work has 5 forms: to work, work, worked, working, works
  • to sing has 6 forms: to sing, sing, sang, sung, singing, sings
  • to be has 9 forms: to be, be, was, were, been, being, am, is, are
  • Example Sentences

    These example sentences use main verbs in different forms.

    Infinitive

    • I want to work
    • He has to sing.
    • This exercise is easy to do.
    • Let him have one.
    • To be, or not to be, that is the question:

    Base - Imperative

    • Work well!
    • Make this.
    • Have a nice day.
    • Be quiet!

    Base - Present simple
    (except 3rd person singular)

    • I work in London.
    • You sing well.
    • They have a lot of money.

    Base - After modal auxiliary verbs

    • I can work tomorrow.
    • You must sing louder.
    • They might do it.
    • You could be right.

    Past simple

    • I worked yesterday.
    • She cut his hair last week.
    • They had a good time.
    • They were surprised, but I was not.

    Past participle

    • I have worked here for five years.
    • He needs a folder made of plastic.
    • It is done like this.
    • I have never been so happy.

    Present participle

    • I am working.
    • Singing well is not easy.
    • Having finished, he went home.
    • You are being silly!

    3rd person singular, present simple

    • He works in London.
    • She sings well.
    • She has a lot of money.
    • It is Vietnamese.
Take a look at this
Present Past Tense:
(Today) (Yesterday)
talk talked
walk walked
play played
laugh laughed
help helped
ask asked
answer answered
shout shouted
finish finished
look looked
am / are / is was
do did
can could
have / has had
go went
run ran
speak spoke
learn learnt
drive drove
eat ate
cry cried
hurry hurried
stop stopped
Recognize a verb when you see one.
Verbs are a necessary component of all sentences. Verbs have two important functions: Some verbs put static objects into motion while other verbs help to clarify the objects in meaningful ways.

The important thing to remember is that every subject in a sentence must have a verb. Otherwise, you will have written a fragment, a major writing error.

Remember to consider word function when you are looking for a verb.

Many words in English have more than one function. Sometimes a word is a subject, sometimes a verb, sometimes a modifier. As a result, you must often analyze the job a word is doing in the sentence. Look at these two examples:

Know an action verb when you see one.

If you are unsure whether a sentence contains an action verb or not, look at every word in the sentence and ask yourself, "Is this something that a person or thing can do?"

Know a linking verb when you see one.

How do you tell when they are action verbs and when they are linking verbs? If you can substitute am, is, or are for the verb and the sentence still sounds logical, you have a linking verb on your hands. If, after the substitution, the sentence makes no sense, you are dealing with an action verb. Realize that a verb can have more than one part.

You must remember that verbs can have more than one part. In fact, a verb can have as many as four parts. A multi-part verb has a base or main part as well as additional helping or auxiliary verbs with it. Check out the examples below:

Phrasal Verbs and other multi-word verbs

Phrasal verbs are part of a large group of verbs called "multi-word verbs". Phrasal verbs and other multi-word verbs are an important part of the English language. Multi-word verbs, including phrasal verbs, are very common, especially in spoken English. A multi-word verb is a verb like "pick up", "turn on" or "get on with". For convenience, many people refer to all multi-word verbs as phrasal verbs. These verbs consist of a basic verb + another word or words. The other word(s) can be prepositions and/or adverbs. The two or three words that make up multi-word verbs form a short "phrase" - which is why these verbs are often all called "phrasal verbs".

The important thing to remember is that a multi-word verb is still a verb. "Get" is a verb. "Get up", is also a verb, a different verb. "Get" and "get up" are two different verbs. They do not have the same meaning. So you should treat each multi-word verb as a separate verb, and learn it like any other verb. Look at these examples. You can see that there are three types of multi-word verb:

Single-word verb (look) You must look before you leap.

Multi-word verbs

Prepositional Verbs
Phrasal Verbs
Phrasal-prepositional Verbs

prepositional verbs (look after) (Who is looking after the baby?)
phrasal verbs (look up) (You can look up my number in the telephone directory.)
phrasal-prepositional verbs (look forward to)I look forward to meeting you.

What is a Main Verb Tense?
What are auxiliary verbs?
What are model verbs?

What is a Main Verb Tense?

The main verb tense states the action of the subject. The main verb can be the only verb in the sentence, but the main verb can also be used with an auxiliary verb or a verb. The auxiliary verb and the modal verb must be used with a main verb tense.

The main verb tense is:

The main verb tense can be in its infinitive/basic form (simple past/v2), past participle/v3.

The main verb tense states what the action of the subject.

-ed -ing -s -es are some common endings that can be added to the main verb according to the tense.

It is common that the main verb doesn't change form, because the auxiliary words change form.

When using the continuous tense and the perfect verb tense auxiliary verb(s) are used with the main verb tense.

When an auxiliary verb is used the main verb doesn't change form according to the subject.

The main verb tense can change form when an auxiliary verb is used to according to the verb form.

Examples:

* The cat eats fish.
* The cats eat the fish
* The cat has eaten the fish.
* The cat ate the fish.
* The cat has been eating the fish.
What are auxiliary verbs?

What are model verbs?

Model verbs are also called auxiliary verbs, helping verbs and model auxiliaries.

Model verbs are not complete verbs, and they can only be used with a verb.

The usage of model verbs:

Model verbs stay in the base form - bare infinitive - the bare infinitive is the infinitive without "to" before the verb.

The following model verbs are used to with the present tense:

can, will, shall, ought to, must, need, may

The following model verbs are used in the past tense:

would, should, could, might

Model verbs are used to answer questions in the short form

Model verbs can be used as part of the grammar structure of the sentence, such as when used with the perfect tenses.

When are model verbs used:

Prediction - Will and Shall

Will and shall can be used to state predict that an event or an action will take place or will occur The model verbs can used to make a prediction about an event or action about the future.

* I think we will be able to go and see the move tonight.

* My mother thinks we will not get home be it starts to rain.

Requests - Offers - Suggestions - Can - Could - May - Shall

To make requests, offers or suggestions can be stated with the model verbs

Permission - Can - Could - May - Might

Can, could, may and might are model verbs that can be used to give permission or deny permission to do something or to someone.

Can I help you cook dinner?

You may not watch T. V. after dinner.

Certainty - Possibility - Can - Might - may- Could - Shall -Can, might

- and could are model verbs that can be used to state certainty and possibility.

Do you think it might rain tomorrow night?

I might be home before midnight.

You can come over tonight if you would like to.

Ability - Inability - Can - Could - Able to

My father hopes that we will be able to go to the moves.

In some languages, verb tenses are not very important or do not even exist. In English, the concept of tense is very important.

The English Tense System

The links below are to lessons for each of the 12 basic tenses. In each lesson we look at two aspects of the tense:

* Structure: How do we make the tense?

* Use: When and why do we use the tense?

Some lessons look at additional aspects, and most of them finish with a quiz to check your understanding.

Present Tense
I do do, I do
Present Continuous Tense
I am doing, I am doing tomorrow
Present Perfect Tense
I have done
Present Perfect Continuous Tense
I have been doing

Past Tense
I did do, I did
Past Continuous Tense
I was doing
Past Perfect Tense
I had done
Past Perfect Continuous Tense
I had been doing

Future Tense
I will do
Future Continuous Tense
I will be doing
Future Perfect Tense
I will have done
Future Perfect Continuous Tense
I will have been doing

In all the simple tenses, the verb "have" can be used as the main verb.

In all the perfect tenses the verb "have" is used as an auxiliary verb.

When the verb "have" is used as the main verb, it is usually used only in the simple form (static verbs).

The verb "have" can be used in the progressive tense, only in the present and future.

The verb have can not be used in the past progressive tenses.

Have as the Main Verb in Positive Sentences

Subject

Main Verb "Have"

Continue the Sentence

I

have /had/will have

a car.

We

have /had/will have

a lot of homework.

You

have/had/will have

a nice house.

The cars

have/had/will have

new tires.

Natalie

has/had/will have

a great time in the States.

Her father

has/had/will have

a very good job.

*have is used in the present simple tense.

*has is used in the past simple tense.

*will have is used in the future simple tense.

Have as the Main Verb in Negative

Subject

Auxiliary verb

Not

Main Verb "Have"

Continue the Sentence

I

do/did/will

not

have

time to visit him.

We

do/did/will

not

have

to cook dinner when I got home.

They

do/did/will

not

have

a lot of time to visit Mary.

The car

does/did/will

not

have

a new paint job.

Our teacher

does/did/will

not

have

a hard time teaching us.

My father

does/did/will

not

have

me spent a lot of money on candy.

*Do is used in the present simple tense with the following pronouns I. you, we, they, and plural nouns.

*Does is used in the Present Simple Tense with the following pronouns he, she, it and plural nouns and uncountable nouns.

Question with the verb "have" as the main verb

Wh - word (if needed)

Auxiliary Verb

Subject

Main Verb "Have"

Continue the Sentence

When

do/did/will

I

have

time to visit him?

-

Do/Did/Will

we

have

to cook dinner when we got home?

Why

do/did/will

they

have

little homework?

When

does/did/will

the car

have

to get a new paint job?

-

Does/Did/Will

our teacher

have

a hard time teaching us?.

Why

does/did/will

your father

have

so much candy in the car?.

What are verbals?
How do verbals cause sentence fragments?
What is a split infinitive?

A verbal is the form of a verb used as a noun, adjective or adverb.

Identifying verbals can be somewhat tricky. While verbals are forms of verbs, they are NOT the action associated with the subject. In other words, they are not verbs.

1. Gerunds are forms of the verb that function as nouns. They always end in "ing."
2. Participles are forms of the verb that function as adjectives. They can end in "ed," "en," or "ing.
3. Infinitives are forms of the verb that may acts as adjectives, adverbs or nouns. They include "to" plus the base form of the verb, as in "to run."

Prepositional verbs are a group of multi-word verbs made from a verb plus another word or words. Many people refer to all multi-word verbs as phrasal verbs. On these pages we make a distinction between three types of multi-word verbs: prepositional verbs, phrasal verbs and phrasal-prepositional verbs. On this page we look at prepositional verbs.

Prepositional verbs are made of:

verb + preposition

Because a preposition always has an object, all prepositional verbs have direct objects. Here are some examples of prepositional verbs:

prepositional verbsmeaningexamples
 direct object
believe inhave faith in the existence ofI believe inGod.
look aftertake care ofHe is looking afterthe dog.
talk aboutdiscussDid you talk aboutme?
wait forawaitJohn is waiting forMary.

Prepositional verbs cannot be separated. That means that we cannot put the direct object between the two parts.

Instructions: Find the subjects, verbs, and direct objects in these sentences.

1. The football player changed his clothes and took a shower.

2. The speaker read his speech and answered some questions.

3. The carpenter fixed the door and painted the house.

4. The little girl played the piano and sang a song.

5. My neighbor moved his lawn and watered the flowers.

Answers:

1. player = subject / changed = verb / clothes = direct object // took = verb / shower = direct object

2. speaker = subject / read = verb / speech = direct object // answered = verb / questions = direct object

3. carpenter = subject / fixed = verb / door = direct object // painted = verb / house = direct object

4. girl = subject / played = verb / piano = direct object // sang = verb / song = direct object

5. neighbor= subject / moved = verb / lawn = direct object // watered = verb / flowers = direct object

Lexical Verb or Main Verb:

A main verb is also known as a lexical verb. The main verb in a verb phrase is the word that expresses the activity, event and feeling etc. that is being described in the sentence. All main verbs are either action verb or linking verbs.

He plays football.

Sumeet is reading a novel.

Action Verb:

A verb may describe an action or activity, or an event or happening. The word 'verb' comes from Latin word - 'verbum' means word. An action verb may equally describe a mental process such as thinking, knowing or wanting:

Remember, forget, fear, suspect, wonder, need.

An action verb may also describe something that happens to a person or thing: Get, receive and sustain etc.

To find out the action verb in a sentence, ask yourself which word describes what someone or something is doing or thinking or what is happening. There are two kinds of action verb:

i) Transitive Verb

ii) Intransitive Veb

Transitive Verb:

A lexical verb that has a direct object is a transitive verb. Some transitive verbs have both a direct object and an indirect object. Transitive comes from Latin word 'transire' meaning 'to go across'. The action of the verb 'goes across' from the subject of the verb to the direct object of the verb: e.g.

I like cows.

It is further divided into three classes.

Mono transitive verbs:

Mono transitive verbs have only one object, a direct object.

For example: I know the answer.

Di transitive verbs:

Di transitive verbs have two objects, a direct object and an indirect object.

I told him (indirect) the answer. (direct)

Complex Transitive Verbs:

Complex transitive verbs have a direct object and a complement (a word or phrase that says something about the direct object.)

They have painted their house purple. (complement)

I will prove you wrong.

Intransitive Verb:

A lexical verb that has neither a complement nor a direct object is an intransitive verb. All intransitive berbs are action verbs. e.g. :

My brother never smokes in the house.

Some verb can be transitive, intransitive and linking verbs.

She could smell the smoke. (Transitive Verb)

The rose smells sweet. (Linking verb)

Your feet smell. (intransitive)

Linking Verb:

Some verbs don't describe actions, thoughts, events etc. but are used in description of what someone or something is or what they are like. Such verbs are known as linking verb. It is also known as an intensive verb or a copula, a Latin word, meaning 'link' between subject and complement. The main linking verbs in English are:

Appear, be, become, feel, get, grow, keep, look, make, prove, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste and turn etc. e. g.

The soup smells good.

The verbs appear, prove and seem are often followed by to be.

She was proved to be wise.

Auxiliary Verb:

An auxiliary verb is a verb that is used along with a main verb to make different tenses or to express ideas such as possibility, necessity and permission. There are two kinds of these verbs:

Primary auxiliaries :- be, have and do. They can act both as lexical verbs and as auxiliary verb:

I have a new car.

I have bought a new car.

Modal auxiliaries :-

can, could, may, might, will, would, shall, should and must. They are followed by bare infinitive whereas Lexical verbs are followed by to infinitives:

I want to know what happened.

I do like ice cream.

We should work hard.

Reflexive Verb:

When the object of a transitive verb is a reflexive pronoun such as himself, myself or ourselves, the verb is sometimes called a reflexive verb. It comes from Latin word 'reflectere' means 'to bend back'. The action of the verb 'bends back' to the subject of the verb, that is to say, it is something that the subject of the verb does to himself or herself.

He warmed himself at the fire.

Have you ever asked yourself that question?

Performative Verb:

These verbs describe actions that are actually performed by using the verb itself in a sentence (such as promise, swear, apologize, thank, confess. e.g.

I promise I will do there.

I swear to speak the truth.

I apologize for the delay.

We thank you for your recent letter.

I confess I had forgotten all about our arrangement to meet up with them.

Strong Verb:

Verbs that form their past tenses and past participles by changing the vowel of the stem or by adding -n are called strong verbs.

Arise arose arisen,

Weak Verb:

Verbs that form their past tenses and past participles by adding -ed, -d and -t are known as weak verb.

Phrasal verb:

A phrasal verb is an expression that consists of lexical verbs plus an adverb or a preposition or both an adverb and a preposition.

Ø With adverb:

away, back, by, down, off, on and out. For example:

Sit down

Go away

Get back the papers.

Ø With prepositions:

At, by, for, into, of, on and with. For example:

He broke into the house.

What are you looking for?

Ø With adverb and prepositions:

Put up with, run out of, go in for, do away with. The adverbs (up, out, in, along, through, away) always precede the prepositon (such as with, of , for).

I can't put up with you.

I have run out of money.

If the direct object is a noun or noun phrase, it may stand either behind or in front of the adverb.

e.g. Hand over the money. or Hand the money over.

If the direct object is a pronoun, it must come between the verb and the adverb. e.g.

Of course, we'll come and see you off at the station.

An indirect object always comes between the verb and the adverb. e.g.

Give me back my pencil.

If there are two objects, the indirect object precedes the direct object. e.g.

Please give me it back.

Verb Phrase:

A verb phrase is a group of two or more words that have the same function as a single verb in a sentence. Be (is, am, are, was, were) + V1+ing, (Has, have, had) + V3

I am reading a book. Mrs. Revathi has taught us well.

A verb phrase can also be analysed in terms of finite and non-finite verbs. It consists of a finite verb plus one or more non-finite verbs. e.g.

She is (finite verb) singing (non-finite verb).

She has (finite verb) been (non-finite verb) singing (non-finite verb).

Finite verb:

Any verb that change, or that may change, in form to match its subject or to indicate present, past or future is a finite verb. It is said to agree with its subject. This is known as agreement or concord. e.g.

She teaches English.

We teach English.

In verb phrases, it is the auxiliary verb that is the finite verb. e.g.

He is going to school.

They are going to school.

Although modal auxiliary verbs are finite verbs and change to indicate reference to the past, the present or the future, they don't, unlike other finite verbs, change in form to agree with their subject. e.g.

He can go tomorrow.

They can go tomorrow.

They could not go last week.

Verbs that express wishes or commands are also considered finite verb, even though, they don't change in form to agree with their subject, and infect usually don't have a subject expressed in the sentence at all. e.g.

Don't touch him.

Non-finite verb:

They don't change in form to agree with a subject, or to indicate past, present and future:

He is working hard.

I am working hard.

He was working hard.

An infinitive need not always follow an auxiliary verbs, it may also follow a lexical verb. But note that while an auxiliary verb is followed by a bare infinitive (V1), a lexical verb is usually followed by a to + V1. But lexical verb 'let' always followed by bare infinitive (V1).

He will come with us.

He wants to come with us.

Let them come in.

Adjective and nouns are sometimes followed by to + V1. e.g.:

I am very glad to see you.

It is time to take tea.

Kinds of non-finite Verb:

Infinitive:

Infinitives are often used after other verbs. A modal verb is followed by a bare infinitive and a lexical verb is followed by to infinitive:

  • We can go. We want to go. They like to sing.

Gerund (Verbal Noun):

Verbal nouns or gerunds have the same form as present participles, but behave as nouns rather than verbs. For example, a verbal noun can act as the subject or object in a sentence:

  • Playing football is good for you.
  • I hate telling lies.

Participle:

Present participles are used to form continuous tenses while past participle are used in the formation of perfect tenses and passive constructions:

  • I am coming. I have gone. He was caught.
Verb
What is a verb?
What are various examples of verbs?
What should you be able to identify and know about a verb?
Where should a main verb be placed in s simple declarative sentence?
What is the difference between types and forms of verbs?
What are various verb forms?
How many verb forms are there?
Is there a difference between verb conjugation and verb forms?
Verb conjugation and verb tenses: what is the difference?
How many total verb tenses are there?
How do you write a question starting with a helping verb?
Verbs - Spelling Rules
The spelling for the verb in the third person differs depending on the ending of that verb:
Verb Conjugation Table

What is the form of the verb?
Is it infinitive, base, past simple, past participle, present participle, present simple, or third person singular?
All verbs have four principal forms.
The be verb has nine forms.
Not all verbs have nine forms.

What are various verb forms?
How many verb forms are there?
-
- infinitive base past simple past participle present participle (Gerund) present simple, 3rd person singular
regular (to) work work worked worked working works
irregular (to) be* be was were been being am are is
- (to) do do did done doing do/does
- (to) have have had had having have / has
Name of verb
Infinitive
Base form
work
write
Past form
worked
wrote
Past participle
worked
written
Present participle
working
writing
regular to workI can work.
I work.
I worked. I have worked.I am working.
irregular to writeI can write.
I write.
I wrote.I have written. I am writing.
What are the headings under which verb forms are classified?
Is there a difference between verb conjugation and verb forms?
No.
Verb conjugation and verb tenses: what is the difference?
What is an infinitive?
Base Form
What is a participle?
What is a past participle?
What is the present participle?
How do you write a question starting with a helping verb?
How do you write a question starting with a question word?
What is an irregular verb?
What is the difference between regular verbs and irregular verbs?
What is a transitive verb?
What is an intransitive verb?
What is an infinitive?
Infinitive or -ing Quiz
What should you be able to identify and know about a verb?
How do you classify verbs?
There are many different classifications of verbs.
You need to follow the classification that solves real-world problems.
You need to follow those details so that you can write declarative, interrogative, imperative, and exclamatory sentences.

There are eight types of verbs:
Helping (Auxiliary) Verbs
    1. Primary helping (Auxiliary) verbs (3 verbs)
      The primary auxiliary verbs are 'be', 'do', and 'have'.
    2. Modal helping (Auxiliary) verbs (10 verbs)
Main Verbs
    Action verbs
    3. Transitive verbs ( Transitive, intransitive, and ditransitive Verbs)
    4. Intransitive verbs
    5. Linking verbs
    6. Dynamic and stative verbs
    7. Regular verbs
    8. Irregular verbs
Auxiliary Verbs

What are auxiliary verbs?
Primary Auxiliary Verbs

What are primary auxiliary verbs?
The primary auxiliaries are: be, have, and do.
How many primary auxiliary verbs are there?
Be - Am - Is - Are -Was - Were
Do - Does - Did
Have - Has -Had
Verb Quiz
Modal Auxiliary Verbs

What are modal auxiliary verbs?
How many modal auxiliary verbs are there?

Common Modal Verbs
Can Ought to
Could Shall
May Should
Might Will
Must Would
Please make an action verb sentence and linking verb senence with each.
1.)appear
2.)sound
3.)smell
Irregular Simple Past and Past Participle Verb Forms

Simple Present

Simple Past

Past Participle

 

arise

awake

be

bear

beat

become

begin

bend

bet

bite

bleed

blow

break

bring

build

burn

burst

buy

catch

choose

cling

come

cost

creep

cut

deal

dig

dive

do

draw

dream

drink

drive

eat

fall

feed

feel

fight

find

fit

flee

fling

fly

forbid

forget

forgive

forgo

freeze

get

give

go

grind

grow

hang

have

hear

hide

hit

hold

hurt

keep

kneel

knit

know

lay

lead

leap

leave

lend

let

lie (down)

light

lose

make

mean

meet

pay

prove

put

quit

read

ride

ring

rise

run

saw

say

see

seek

sell

send

set

sew

shake

shave

shear

shine

shoot

show

shrink

shut

sing

sink

sit

slay

sleep

slide

sneak

speak

speed

spend

spill

spin

spit

split

spread

spring

stand

steal

stick

sting

stink

strew

strike

strive

swear

sweep

swim

swing

take

teach

tear

tell

think

thrive

throw

undergo

understand

upset

wake

wear

weave

weep

win

wind

withdraw

wring

write

 

arose

awoke

was, were

bore

beat

became

began

bent

bet

bit

bled

blew

broke

brought

built

burned or burnt

burst

bought

caught

chose

clung

came

cost

crept

cut

dealt

dug

dived or dove

did

drew

dreamed or dreamt

drank

drove

ate

fell

fed

felt

fought

found

fit, fitted

fled

flung

flew

forbade or forbad

forgot

forgave

forwent

froze

got

gave

went

ground

grew

hung or hanged

had

heard

hid

hit

held

hurt

kept

knelt or kneeled

knitted or knit

knew

laid

led

leapt or leaped

left

lent

let

lay

lit or lighted

lost

made

meant

met

paid

proved

put

quit

read

rode

rang

rose

ran

sawed

said

saw

sought

sold

sent

set

sewed

shook

shaved

sheared

shone or shined

shot

showed

shrank or shrunk

shut

sang

sank

sat

slew

slept

slid

sneaked or snuck

spoke

sped

spent

spilled or spilt

spun

spat or spit

split

spread

sprang

stood

stole

stuck

stung

stank or stunk

strewed

struck

strove or strived

swore

swept

swam

swung

took

taught

tore

told

thought

thrived or throve

threw

underwent

understood

upset

woke or waked

wore

wove

wept

won

wound

withdrew

wrung

wrote

 

arisen

awoken

been

borne

beaten or beat

become

begun

bent

bet

bitten

bled

blown

broken

brought

built

burned or burnt

burst

bought

caught

chosen

clung

come

cost

crept

cut

dealt

dug

dived

done

drawn

dreamed or dreamt

drunk

driven

eaten

fallen

fed

felt

fought

found

fit, fitted

fled

flung

flown,

forbidden or forbade

forgotten

forgiven

forgone

frozen

gotten or got

given

gone

ground

grown

hung or hanged

had

heard

hidden

hit

held

hurt

kept

knelt or kneeled

knitted or knit

known

laid

led

leapt or leaped

left

lent

let

lain

lit or lighted

lost

made

meant

met

paid

proved or proven

put

quit

read

ridden

rung

risen

run

sawed or sawn

said

seen

sought

sold

sent

set

sewn or sewed

shaken

shaved or shaven

sheared or shorn

shone or shined

shot

shown or showed

shrunk or shrunken

shut

sung

sunk

sat

slain

slept

slid

sneaked or snuck

spoken

sped

spent

spilled or spilt

spun

spat or spit

split

spread

sprung

stood

stolen

stuck

stung

stunk

strewn

struck or stricken

striven or strived

sworn

swept

swum

swung

taken

taught

torn

told

thought

thrived or thriven

thrown

undergone

understood

upset

woken or waked

worn

woven

wept

won

wound

withdrawn

wrung

written

Here is a list of commonly used regular verbs with their base form, simple past form and the past participle.

BASE FORM

SIMPLE PAST

PAST PARTICIPLE

Accept

Accepted

Accepted

Achieve

Achieved

Achieved

Add

Added

Added

Admire

Admired

Admirer

Admit

Admitted

Admitted

Adopt

Adopted

Adopted

Advise

Advised

Advised

Agree

Agreed

Agreed

Allow

Allowed

Allowed

Announce

Announced

Announced

Appreciate

Appreciated

Appreciated

Approve

Approved

Approved

Argue

Argued

Argued

Arrive

Arrived

Arrived

Ask

Asked

Asked

Assist

Assisted

Assisted

Attack

Attacked

Attacked

Bake

Baked

Baked

Beg

Begged

Begged

Behave

Behaved

Behaved

Boil

Boiled

Boiled

Borrow

Borrowed

Borrowed

Brush

Brushed

Brushed

Bury

Buried

Buried

Call

Called

Called

Challenge

Challenged

Challenged

Change

Changed

Changed

Chase

Chased

Chased

Cheat

Cheated

Cheated

Cheer

Cheered

Cheered

Chew

Chewed

Chewed

Clap

Clapped

Clapped

Clean

Cleaned

Cleaned

Collect

Collected

Collected

Compare

Compared

Compared

Complain

Complained

Complained

Confess

Confessed

Confessed

Construct

Constructed

Constructed

Control

Controlled

Controlled

Copy

Copied

Copied

Count

Counted

Counted

Create

Created

Created

Cry

Cried

Cried

Cycle

Cycled

Cycled

Damage

Damaged

Damaged

Dance

Danced

Danced

Deliver

Delivered

Delivered

Destroy

Destroyed

Destroyed

Divide

Divided

Divided

Drag

Dragged

Dragged

Earn

Earned

Earned

Employ

Employed

Employed

Encourage

Encouraged

Encouraged

Enjoy

Enjoyed

Enjoyed

Establish

Established

Established

Estimate

Estimated

Estimated

Exercise

Exercised

Exercised

Expand

Expanded

Expanded

Explain

Explained

Explained

Fry

Fried

Fried

Gather

Gathered

Gathered

Greet

Greeted

Greeted

Guess

Guessed

Guessed

Harass

Harassed

Harassed

Hate

Hated

Hated

Help

Helped

Helped

Hope

Hoped

Hoped

Identify

Identified

Identified

Interrupt

Interrupted

Interrupted

Introduce

Introduced

Introduced

Irritate

Irritated

Irritated

Joke

Joked

Joked

Jump

Jumped

Jumped

Kick

Kicked

Kicked

Kill

Killed

Killed

Kiss

Kissed

Kissed

Laugh

Laughed

Laughed

Lie

Lied

Lied

Like

Liked

Liked

Listen

Listened

Listened

Love

Loved

Loved

Marry

Married

Married

Measure

Measured

Measured

Move

Moved

Moved

Murder

Murdered

Murdered

Need

Needed

Needed

Obey

Obeyed

Obeyed

Offend

Offended

Offended

Offer

Offered

Offered

Open

Opened

Opened

Paint

Painted

Painted

Park

Parked

Parked

Phone

Phoned

Phoned

Pick

Picked

Picked

Play

Played

Played

Pray

Prayed

Prayed

Print

Printed

Printed

Pull

Pulled

Puled

Punch

Punched

Punched

Punish

Punished

Punished

Purchase

Purchased

Purchased

Push

Pushed

Pushed

Question

Questioned

Questioned

Race

Raced

Raced

Relax

Relaxed

Relaxed

Remember

Remembered

Remembered

Reply

Replied

Replied

Retire

Retired

Retired

Return

Returned

Returned

Rub

Rubbed

Rubbed

Scold

Scolded

Scolded

Select

Selected

Selected

Smoke

Smoked

Smoked

Snore

Snored

Snored

Stare

Stared

Stared

Start

Started

Started

Study

Studied

Studied

Talk

Talked

Talked

Thank

Thanked

Thanked

Travel

Travelled

Travelled

Trouble

Troubled

Troubled

Type

Typed

Typed

Use

Used

Used

Visit

Visited

Visited

Wait

Waited

Waited

Walk

Walked

Walked

Want

Wanted

Wanted

Warn

Warned

Warned

Wink

Winked

Winked

Worry

Worried

Worried

Yell

Yelled

Yelled


The following table shows a selection of regular participles.
Verb Present Participle
ask asking
call calling
dally dallying
empty emptying
fill filling
grease greasing

Verbs
Verbs in English Language.
Modal verbs in English language.
https://www.qureshiuniversity.com/verbs.html

What should 18-year-olds know about verbs in the English language?
What are the categories of verbs in the English language?
What are other names of helping verbs in the English language?
What are the categories of helping verbs (also called auxiliary verbs) in the English language?
What is a modal verb? What are modal verbs? What is the difference?
Can you name some modal verbs?
What are examples of modal verbs in the English language?
What are other terms for modal verbs in the English language?
What are the functions of modal verbs in the English language?
Where do we end this topic?
What should you be able to identify and know about a verb?
Is there a difference between verb conjugation and verb forms?
What are the headings under which verb forms are classified?
What should you look for to identify the verb in a sentence?
What is the function of a verb in the sentence?
Is the function of a verb in the sentence helping, main, transitive, intransitive, regular, irregular, linking, dynamic, static, active, or stative?
Can you identify transitive or intransitive verb while having a separate word?
How do you identify different verb tense sentences?
How do you write a question starting with a helping verb?
How do you write a question starting with a question word?
How many question words are there?
What are the different types of verbs?
What are some of the examples?
What is an auxiliary verb?
What is a modal verb?
What is the difference between an auxiliary verb and a modal verb?
Can you give some examples?
What are phrasal verbs?
What is a linking verb?
What is a copula?
What is a conjunctive verb?
What is a defective verb?
What is a finite verb?
What is a nonfinite verb?
What is an impersonal verb?
What is a lexical verb?
What is a phrasal verb?
What is a reflexive verb?
What is a gerund?
What is Tense?
Are there exceptions?
What are some of the examples?
What are verbals?
How do verbals cause sentence fragments?
What is a split infinitive?
How many verbs are in this sentence: I do not want you to explain?
How many verbs are in these sentences: I want you to update records displayed online; whatever you have displayed, others get confused; you need to submit text file format?
What are the different types of conjunctions?
How are they used in sentences?
What do adverbs of time and adverbs of frequency reveal?
What should you keep in mind while writing a question or interrogative sentence?
Can this question or an interrogative thought be written in already existing types of questions?
Which is not a past form of a verb?
Which is not a present form of a verb?
Which is not a plural form of a verb?
Which is not a 3rd person singular form of a verb?
Which is not a modal?
Which is a regular verb?
Which is not a simple tense of a verb?
Which is not used as an auxiliary of a verb?
Which verb can be both singular and plural?
Which verb can be both singular and plural?
What is Tense?
Auxiliary verbs and question words: What's the difference?
What is a Main Verb Tense?
What are auxiliary verbs?
What are model verbs?
What are auxiliary verbs?
What are model verbs?
What are verbals?
How do verbals cause sentence fragments?
What is a split infinitive?
What is a verb?
What are various examples of verbs?
What should you be able to identify and know about a verb?
Where should a main verb be placed in s simple declarative sentence?
What is the difference between types and forms of verbs?
What are various verb forms?
How many verb forms are there?
Is there a difference between verb conjugation and verb forms?
Verb conjugation and verb tenses: what is the difference?
How many total verb tenses are there?
How do you write a question starting with a helping verb?
What is the form of the verb?
Is it infinitive, base, past simple, past participle, present participle, present simple, or third person singular?
What are various verb forms?
How many verb forms are there?
What are the headings under which verb forms are classified?
Is there a difference between verb conjugation and verb forms?
Verb conjugation and verb tenses: what is the difference?
What is an infinitive?
What is a participle?
What is a past participle?
What is the present participle?
How do you write a question starting with a helping verb?
How do you write a question starting with a question word?
What is an irregular verb?
What is the difference between regular verbs and irregular verbs?
What is a transitive verb?
What is an intransitive verb?
What is an infinitive?
What should you be able to identify and know about a verb?
How do you classify verbs?
What are auxiliary verbs?
What are primary auxiliary verbs?
What are modal auxiliary verbs?
How many modal auxiliary verbs are there?
What is verb conjugation?

Verbs in English Language.
Modal verbs in English language.
Let me ask you few questions.
These questions are relevant to the English language.

What should 18-year-olds know about verbs in the English language?

What are the categories of verbs in the English language?
  1. Action Verbs /2

  2. Helping Verbs or Auxiliary Verbs

  3. Primary helping verbs, such as be (to be, be, is, am, are, was, were, been, being 9), do (do, did, does 3), and have (has, have, had 3).

  4. Linking Verbs

  5. Modal verbs

  6. Stative

  7. Regular and irregular verbs / 2

  8. Dynamic

  9. English verb conjugation
    6
    Infinitive/base/past simple/past participle/present participle/ present simple, 3rd person singular

  10. Transitive vs. intransitive verbs


Helping Verbs

What are other names of helping verbs in the English language?

Auxiliary verbs.

What are the categories of helping verbs (also called auxiliary verbs) in the English language?
Primary helping verbs, such as be (to be, be, is, am, are, was, were, been, being 9), do (do, did, does 3), and have (has, have, had 3).
Modal helping verbs include can, could, may, might, must, shall, should, will, and would.
There are at least 15 modal helping verbs.

What is a modal verb? What are modal verbs? What is the difference?
“What is a modal verb” focuses on the definition of the modal verb concept.
“What are modal verbs” focuses on all modal verbs.
Answers to each question are different.v
Let me ask you a question.
Can you name some modal verbs?

What are examples of modal verbs in the English language?
  1. Can

  2. Could

  3. May

  4. Might

  5. Shall

  6. Should

  7. Will

  8. Would

  9. Must

  10. Ought to

  11. Must not/may not

  12. Need/Need not

  13. Used to

  14. Have to/has to/had to
Some consider only the first ten in this list to be modal verbs.

What are other terms for modal verbs in the English language?
Modal verbs are also called modal auxiliary verbs and modal auxiliaries.

What are the functions of modal verbs in the English language?
Modals give additional details about the function of the main verb that follows it.

Where do we end this topic?
We end this topic with sample sentences in the English language.
We end with the favorite topics of Emperor Asif Qureshi relevant to the English language.
www.qureshiuniversity.com/english.html
Action verbs
What should you be able to identify and know about a verb?
All verbs have four principal forms.
The be verb has nine forms.
Not all verbs have nine forms.
What should you be able to identify and know about a verb?
What is the form of the verb?
Is it regular or irregular?
Is it infinitive, base, past simple, past participle, present participle, present simple, or third person singular?
Is there a difference between verb conjugation and verb forms?
No.

What are the headings under which verb forms are classified?
There are six headings under which verb forms are classified: infinitive, base, past simple, past participle, present participle, present simple, or third person singular.
The be verb has nine forms.
Not all verbs have nine forms.

- infinitive base past simple past participle present participle present simple, 3rd person singular
regular (to) work work worked worked working works
irregular (to) be* be was/were been being am are is

What should you look for to identify the verb in a sentence?
http://www.qureshiuniversity.com/verbidentify.html

Forms of a verb can be identified as a separate word or in a sentence.
Function of a verb can be identified in the sentence.
What is the function of a verb in the sentence?
Is the function of a verb in the sentence helping, main, transitive, intransitive, regular, irregular, linking, dynamic, static, active, or stative?
Can you identify transitive or intransitive verb while having a separate word?
No. You need to have a complete sentence. An auxiliary verb can function as a linking verb. You need to have a complete sentence to identify whether a verb is functioning as an auxiliary verb or linking verb.
A question should be a complete sentence, not a fragment.
A question should not be a complex question with many parts.
How do you identify different verb tense sentences?
Each verb tense sentence has a particular word or feature different than other verb tense sentences.

How do you write a question starting with a helping verb?
How do you write a question starting with a question word?
How many question words are there?
What are the different types of verbs?
Types of verbs
The Verb's Role in a Sentence

Verbs can be divided according to the job they do in a sentence. The grammar-expert's way of saying this is that we can divide verbs syntactically. These are the divisions and sub-divisions according to syntax:

Main Verbs * finite verbs
    o transitive verbs
    o intransitive verbs
    o linking Verbs
* non-finite verbs
    o infinitives
    o gerunds
    o participles
    + present participle
    + past participle
    + perfect participle

Helping Verbs (auxiliaries)
    Primary helping verbs
    Modal helping verbs
Formation of the Verb-Word

We know that verbs are words, just like any other part of speech. The words that represent the verbs follow different patterns of spelling or sound. Verbs can, therefore, be divided into various kinds depending upon how they are formed. Grammarians would call this a morphological division.

* regular verbs
* irregular verbs
* compound verbs
* phrasal verbs

Verbs According to Meaning

I have earlier answered the question: what is a verb? There I used this division of verbs according to meaning to explain what a verb is. Those who know grammar well call this division of verbs a semantic classification.

* action words (action verbs)
* being
* having

Now you know the names of different verbs and how they are classified. We can classify them according to their role in a sentence (syntactically), or their formation (morphologically), or their meaning (semantically).

Dynamic and stative verbs

What are some of the examples?

or

We can classify them according to their role in a sentence (syntactically), or their formation (morphologically), or their meaning (semantically).

Helping Verbs

Helping verbs are also called "auxiliary verbs".
Primary helping verbs
Modal helping verbs

What is an auxiliary verb?
What is a modal verb?
What is the difference between an auxiliary verb and a modal verb?
Can you give some examples?
Auxiliary verbs are used together with a main verb to give grammatical information and therefore add extra meaning to a sentence, which is not given by the main verb.

Be, Do and Have are auxiliary verbs, they are irregular verbs and can be used as main verbs. The verbs 'to be' and 'to have' are the most commonly used auxiliary verbs and work alongside the main verbs in any statement.

Modal verbs are also auxiliary verbs, but will be treated separately, these are can, could, may, might, must, shall, should, will, and would, they differ from the others in that they can never function as a main verb.

To be

Be is the most common verb in the English language. It can be used as an auxiliary and a main verb. It is used a lot in its other forms.

Base form = be

Present form = am/is/are

Past form = was/were

Present Participle / Gerund = being

Past Participle = been

More on the Verb To Be
To do

The verb do is one of the most common verbs in English. It can be used as an auxiliary and a main verb. It is often used in questions.

Base form = do

Present form = do/does

Past form = did

Present Participle / Gerund = doing

Past Participle = done
More on the Verb To Do

!Note - The auxiliary verb 'do' is always followed by the base form (infinitive).

To have

Have is one of the most common verbs in the English language.

Base form = have

Present form = have / has

Past form = had

Present Participle / Gerund = having

Past Participle = had

Uses of Do, Does and Did
Uses of Have, Has and Had
Other common auxiliaries are "can," "could," "may," "might," "must," "ought," "should," "will," and "would." A verb like these is called a modal auxiliary and expresses necessity, obligation, or possibility.

Uses of Can and Could
Can versus May
Uses of May and Might
Uses of Will and Would
Uses of Shall and Will and Should
Uses of Used to
Main Verbs

Main verbs are also called "lexical verbs".

There are thousands of main verbs, and we can classify them in several ways:
Transitive and intransitive verbs
Linking verbs
Dynamic and stative verbs
Regular and irregular verbs

Main verbs have meaning on their own (unlike helping verbs).

Transitive and intransitive verbs

A transitive verb takes a direct object: Somebody killed the President. An intransitive verb does not have a direct object: He died. Many verbs, like speak, can be transitive or intransitive. Look at these examples:

transitive:

* I saw an elephant.
* We are watching TV.
* He speaks English.

saw
watching
speaks

intransitive:

* He has arrived.
* John goes to school.
* She speaks fast.

arrived
goes
speaks

Linking verbs

A linking verb does not have much meaning in itself. It "links" the subject to what is said about the subject. Usually, a linking verb shows equality (=) or a change to a different state or place (>). Linking verbs are always intransitive (but not all intransitive verbs are linking verbs).

* Mary is a teacher. (mary = teacher)
* Tara is beautiful. (tara = beautiful)
* That sounds interesting. (that = interesting)
* The sky became dark. (the sky > dark)
* The bread has gone bad. (bread > bad)

is
sounds
became
has gone

Dynamic and stative verbs

Some verbs describe action. They are called "dynamic", and can be used with continuous tenses. Other verbs describe state (non-action, a situation). They are called "stative", and cannot normally be used with continuous tenses (though some of them can be used with continuous tenses with a change in meaning).

dynamic verbs (examples):

* hit, explode, fight, run, go

stative verbs (examples):

* be
* like, love, prefer, wish
* impress, please, surprise
* hear, see, sound
* belong to, consist of, contain, include, need
* appear, resemble, seem

Regular and irregular verbs

This is more a question of vocabulary than of grammar. The only real difference between regular and irregular verbs is that they have different endings for their past tense and past participle forms. For regular verbs, the past tense ending and past participle ending is always the same: -ed. For irregular verbs, the past tense ending and the past participle ending is variable, so it is necessary to learn them by heart.

regular verbs: base, past tense, past participle

* look, looked, looked
* work, worked, worked

irregular verbs: base, past tense, past participle

* buy, bought, bought
* cut, cut, cut
* do, did, done

One way to think of regular and irregular verbs is like this: all verbs are irregular and the so-called regular verbs are simply one very large group of irregular verbs.

Often the above divisions can be mixed. For example, one verb could be irregular, transitive and dynamic; another verb could be regular, transitive and stative.
Active and Passive Verbs
What are phrasal verbs?
What is a linking verb?
What is a copula?
Verbs
What is a conjunctive verb? What is a defective verb?
What is a finite verb?
What is a nonfinite verb?
What is an impersonal verb?
What is a lexical verb?
What is a phrasal verb?
What is a reflexive verb?
What is a gerund?
What is Tense?
Are there exceptions?
What are some of the examples?
Verb phrases consist of one main verb and one or more helping verbs (also called auxiliary verbs).
What are verbals?
How do verbals cause sentence fragments?
What is a split infinitive?

Why is the word "to" followed by a verb in these sentences: I would like to go now; she used to smoke, as a preposition is followed by a "noun" but never by a verb? In these sentences, "to" is not a preposition. It is part of the infinitive: to go, to smoke.

How many verbs are in this sentence: I do not want you to explain?
1 2 3 4 5

How many verbs are in these sentences: I want you to update records displayed online; whatever you have displayed, others get confused; you need to submit text file format?
1 2 3 4 5

What are the different types of conjunctions?
How are they used in sentences?
What do adverbs of time and adverbs of frequency reveal?

What should you keep in mind while writing a question or interrogative sentence?
Can this question or an interrogative thought be written in already existing types of questions?
1) Which is not a past form of a verb?
was had looked spoke hear

2) Which is not a present form of a verb?
are saw has talk speak

3) Which is not a plural form of a verb?
are were am have do

4) Which is not a 3rd person singular form of a verb?
goes has was are does

5) Which is not a modal?
must is should can may

6) Which is a regular verb?
looked saw was spoke heard

7) Which is not a simple tense of a verb?
will move heard has spoken will talk see

8) Which is not used as an auxiliary of a verb?
was have did will sees

9) Which verb can be both singular and plural?
sees has do am is

10) Which verb can be both singular and plural?
was does have comes hears

1.hear
2.saw
3.am
4.are
5.is
6.looked
7.has spoken
8.sees
9.do
10.have
What is Tense?

Tense is a method that we use in English to refer to time - past, present and future. Many languages use tenses to talk about time. Other languages have no tenses, but of course they can still talk about time, using different methods.

Auxiliary verbs and question words: What's the difference?
Helping verbs are also called "auxiliary verbs".
A gerund is a verbal that ends in -ing and functions as a noun. The term verbal indicates that a gerund, like the other two kinds of verbals, is based on a verb and therefore expresses action or a state of being. However, since a gerund functions as a noun, it occupies some positions in a sentence that a noun ordinarily would, for example: subject, direct object, subject complement, and object of preposition.

Gerund as subject:

* Traveling might satisfy your desire for new experiences. (Traveling is the gerund.)
* The study abroad program might satisfy your desire for new experiences. (The gerund has been removed.)

Gerund as direct object:

* They do not appreciate my singing. (The gerund is singing.)
* They do not appreciate my assistance. (The gerund has been removed)

Gerund as subject complement:

* My cat's favorite activity is sleeping. (The gerund is sleeping.)
* My cat's favorite food is salmon. (The gerund has been removed.)

Gerund as object of preposition:

* The police arrested him for speeding. (The gerund is speeding.)
* The police arrested him for criminal activity. (The gerund has been removed.)

A Gerund Phrase is a group of words consisting of a gerund and the modifier(s) and/or (pro)noun(s) or noun phrase(s) that function as the direct object(s), indirect object(s), or complement(s) of the action or state expressed in the gerund, such as:

Points to remember:

1. A gerund is a verbal ending in -ing that is used as a noun.
2. A gerund phrase consists of a gerund plus modifier(s), object(s), and/or complement(s).
3. Gerunds and gerund phrases virtually never require punctuation.
Gerunds are sometimes called "verbal nouns".

When a verb ends in -ing, it may be a gerund or a present participle. It is important to understand that they are not the same.

When we use a verb in -ing form more like a noun, it is usually a gerund:

  • Fishing is fun.

When we use a verb in -ing form more like a verb or an adjective, it is usually a present participle:

  • Anthony is fishing.
  • I have a boring teacher.

In this lesson, we look at the different ways in which we use gerunds, followed by a quiz to check your understanding:

Many grammarians do not like to use the expression "gerund". That is because there is sometimes no clear difference between a gerund and a present participle.

http://www.englishclub.com/grammar/verbs-gerunds.htm

http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/627/01/
All helping verbs are used with a main verb (either expressed or understood*). There are 2 groups of helping verbs:

  • Primary helping verbs, used mainly to change the tense or voice of the main verb, and in making questions and negatives.
  • Modal helping verbs, used to change the "mood" of the main verb.

Study the table below. It shows the prinicipal forms and uses of helping verbs, and explains the differences between primary and modal helping verbs.

* Sometimes we make a sentence that has a helping verb and seems to have no main verb. In fact, the main verb is "understood". Look at the following examples:

  • Question: Can you speak English? (The main verb speak is "expressed".)
  • Answer: Yes, I can. (The main verb speak is not expressed. It is "understood" from the context. We understand: Yes, I can speak English.

But if somebody walked into the room and said "Hello. I can", we would understand

Helping Verbs
PrimaryModal
do(to make simple tenses, and questions and negatives)cancould
be(to make continuous tenses, and the passive voice)maymight
have(to make perfect tenses)willwould
shallshould
must
ought (to)
"Do", "be" and "have" as helping verbs have exactly the same forms as when they are main verbs (except that as helping verbs they are never used in infinitive forms).Modal helping verbs are invariable. They always have the same form.
Primary helping verbs are followed by the main verb in a particular form:
  • do + V1 (base verb)
  • be + -ing (present participle)
  • have + V3 (past participle)
"Ought" is followed by the main verb in infinitive form. Other modal helping verbs are followed by the main verb in its base form (V1).
  • ought + to... (infinitive)
  • other modals + V1 (base verb)
"Do", "be" and "have" can also function as main verbs.Modal helping verbs cannot function as main verbs.

Forms of Main Verbs

Main verbs are also called "lexical verbs".
Main verbs (except the verb "be") have only 4, 5 or 6 forms. "Be" has 9 forms.
  V1V2V3  
 infinitivebasepast simplepast participlepresent participlepresent simple, 3rd person singular
regular(to) workworkworkedworkedworkingworks
irregular(to) sing
(to) make
(to) cut
sing
make
cut
sang
made
cut
sung
made
cut
singing
making
cutting
sings
makes
cuts
(to) do*
(to) have*
do
have
did
had
done
had
doing
having
does
has
infinitivebasepast simplepast participlepresent participlepresent simple
(to) be*bewas, werebeenbeingam, are, is

In the above examples:

  • to cut has 4 forms: to cut, cut, cutting, cuts
  • to work has 5 forms: to work, work, worked, working, works
  • to sing has 6 forms: to sing, sing, sang, sung, singing, sings
  • to be has 9 forms: to be, be, was, were, been, being, am, is, are
  • Example Sentences

    These example sentences use main verbs in different forms.

    Infinitive

    • I want to work
    • He has to sing.
    • This exercise is easy to do.
    • Let him have one.
    • To be, or not to be, that is the question:

    Base - Imperative

    • Work well!
    • Make this.
    • Have a nice day.
    • Be quiet!

    Base - Present simple
    (except 3rd person singular)

    • I work in London.
    • You sing well.
    • They have a lot of money.

    Base - After modal auxiliary verbs

    • I can work tomorrow.
    • You must sing louder.
    • They might do it.
    • You could be right.

    Past simple

    • I worked yesterday.
    • She cut his hair last week.
    • They had a good time.
    • They were surprised, but I was not.

    Past participle

    • I have worked here for five years.
    • He needs a folder made of plastic.
    • It is done like this.
    • I have never been so happy.

    Present participle

    • I am working.
    • Singing well is not easy.
    • Having finished, he went home.
    • You are being silly!

    3rd person singular, present simple

    • He works in London.
    • She sings well.
    • She has a lot of money.
    • It is Vietnamese. Take a look at this
      Present Past Tense:
      (Today) (Yesterday)
      talk talked
      walk walked
      play played
      laugh laughed
      help helped
      ask asked
      answer answered
      shout shouted
      finish finished
      look looked
      am / are / is was
      do did
      can could
      have / has had
      go went
      run ran
      speak spoke
      learn learnt
      drive drove
      eat ate
      cry cried
      hurry hurried
      stop stopped
      Recognize a verb when you see one.
      Verbs are a necessary component of all sentences. Verbs have two important functions: Some verbs put static objects into motion while other verbs help to clarify the objects in meaningful ways.

      The important thing to remember is that every subject in a sentence must have a verb. Otherwise, you will have written a fragment, a major writing error.

      Remember to consider word function when you are looking for a verb.

      Many words in English have more than one function. Sometimes a word is a subject, sometimes a verb, sometimes a modifier. As a result, you must often analyze the job a word is doing in the sentence. Look at these two examples:

      Know an action verb when you see one.

      If you are unsure whether a sentence contains an action verb or not, look at every word in the sentence and ask yourself, "Is this something that a person or thing can do?"

      Know a linking verb when you see one.

      How do you tell when they are action verbs and when they are linking verbs? If you can substitute am, is, or are for the verb and the sentence still sounds logical, you have a linking verb on your hands. If, after the substitution, the sentence makes no sense, you are dealing with an action verb. Realize that a verb can have more than one part.

      You must remember that verbs can have more than one part. In fact, a verb can have as many as four parts. A multi-part verb has a base or main part as well as additional helping or auxiliary verbs with it. Check out the examples below:

      Phrasal Verbs and other multi-word verbs

      Phrasal verbs are part of a large group of verbs called "multi-word verbs". Phrasal verbs and other multi-word verbs are an important part of the English language. Multi-word verbs, including phrasal verbs, are very common, especially in spoken English. A multi-word verb is a verb like "pick up", "turn on" or "get on with". For convenience, many people refer to all multi-word verbs as phrasal verbs. These verbs consist of a basic verb + another word or words. The other word(s) can be prepositions and/or adverbs. The two or three words that make up multi-word verbs form a short "phrase" - which is why these verbs are often all called "phrasal verbs".

      The important thing to remember is that a multi-word verb is still a verb. "Get" is a verb. "Get up", is also a verb, a different verb. "Get" and "get up" are two different verbs. They do not have the same meaning. So you should treat each multi-word verb as a separate verb, and learn it like any other verb. Look at these examples. You can see that there are three types of multi-word verb:

      Single-word verb (look) You must look before you leap.

      Multi-word verbs

      Prepositional Verbs
      Phrasal Verbs
      Phrasal-prepositional Verbs

      prepositional verbs (look after) (Who is looking after the baby?)
      phrasal verbs (look up) (You can look up my number in the telephone directory.)
      phrasal-prepositional verbs (look forward to)I look forward to meeting you.

      What is a Main Verb Tense?
      What are auxiliary verbs?
      What are model verbs?

      What is a Main Verb Tense?

      The main verb tense states the action of the subject. The main verb can be the only verb in the sentence, but the main verb can also be used with an auxiliary verb or a verb. The auxiliary verb and the modal verb must be used with a main verb tense.

      The main verb tense is:

      The main verb tense can be in its infinitive/basic form (simple past/v2), past participle/v3.

      The main verb tense states what the action of the subject.

      -ed -ing -s -es are some common endings that can be added to the main verb according to the tense.

      It is common that the main verb doesn't change form, because the auxiliary words change form.

      When using the continuous tense and the perfect verb tense auxiliary verb(s) are used with the main verb tense.

      When an auxiliary verb is used the main verb doesn't change form according to the subject.

      The main verb tense can change form when an auxiliary verb is used to according to the verb form.

      Examples:

      * The cat eats fish.
      * The cats eat the fish
      * The cat has eaten the fish.
      * The cat ate the fish.
      * The cat has been eating the fish.
      What are auxiliary verbs?

      What are model verbs?

      Model verbs are also called auxiliary verbs, helping verbs and model auxiliaries.

      Model verbs are not complete verbs, and they can only be used with a verb.

      The usage of model verbs:

      Model verbs stay in the base form - bare infinitive - the bare infinitive is the infinitive without "to" before the verb.

      The following model verbs are used to with the present tense:

      can, will, shall, ought to, must, need, may

      The following model verbs are used in the past tense:

      would, should, could, might

      Model verbs are used to answer questions in the short form

      Model verbs can be used as part of the grammar structure of the sentence, such as when used with the perfect tenses.

      When are model verbs used:

      Prediction - Will and Shall

      Will and shall can be used to state predict that an event or an action will take place or will occur The model verbs can used to make a prediction about an event or action about the future.

      * I think we will be able to go and see the move tonight.

      * My mother thinks we will not get home be it starts to rain.

      Requests - Offers - Suggestions - Can - Could - May - Shall

      To make requests, offers or suggestions can be stated with the model verbs

      Permission - Can - Could - May - Might

      Can, could, may and might are model verbs that can be used to give permission or deny permission to do something or to someone.

      Can I help you cook dinner?

      You may not watch T. V. after dinner.

      Certainty - Possibility - Can - Might - may- Could - Shall -Can, might

      - and could are model verbs that can be used to state certainty and possibility.

      Do you think it might rain tomorrow night?

      I might be home before midnight.

      You can come over tonight if you would like to.

      Ability - Inability - Can - Could - Able to

      My father hopes that we will be able to go to the moves.

      In some languages, verb tenses are not very important or do not even exist. In English, the concept of tense is very important.

      The English Tense System

      The links below are to lessons for each of the 12 basic tenses. In each lesson we look at two aspects of the tense:

      * Structure: How do we make the tense?

      * Use: When and why do we use the tense?

      Some lessons look at additional aspects, and most of them finish with a quiz to check your understanding.

      Present Tense
      I do do, I do
      Present Continuous Tense
      I am doing, I am doing tomorrow
      Present Perfect Tense
      I have done
      Present Perfect Continuous Tense
      I have been doing

      Past Tense
      I did do, I did
      Past Continuous Tense
      I was doing
      Past Perfect Tense
      I had done
      Past Perfect Continuous Tense
      I had been doing

      Future Tense
      I will do
      Future Continuous Tense
      I will be doing
      Future Perfect Tense
      I will have done
      Future Perfect Continuous Tense
      I will have been doing

      In all the simple tenses, the verb "have" can be used as the main verb.

      In all the perfect tenses the verb "have" is used as an auxiliary verb.

      When the verb "have" is used as the main verb, it is usually used only in the simple form (static verbs).

      The verb "have" can be used in the progressive tense, only in the present and future.

      The verb have can not be used in the past progressive tenses.

      Have as the Main Verb in Positive Sentences

      Subject

      Main Verb "Have"

      Continue the Sentence

      I

      have /had/will have

      a car.

      We

      have /had/will have

      a lot of homework.

      You

      have/had/will have

      a nice house.

      The cars

      have/had/will have

      new tires.

      Natalie

      has/had/will have

      a great time in the States.

      Her father

      has/had/will have

      a very good job.

      *have is used in the present simple tense.

      *has is used in the past simple tense.

      *will have is used in the future simple tense.

      Have as the Main Verb in Negative

      Subject

      Auxiliary verb

      Not

      Main Verb "Have"

      Continue the Sentence

      I

      do/did/will

      not

      have

      time to visit him.

      We

      do/did/will

      not

      have

      to cook dinner when I got home.

      They

      do/did/will

      not

      have

      a lot of time to visit Mary.

      The car

      does/did/will

      not

      have

      a new paint job.

      Our teacher

      does/did/will

      not

      have

      a hard time teaching us.

      My father

      does/did/will

      not

      have

      me spent a lot of money on candy.

      *Do is used in the present simple tense with the following pronouns I. you, we, they, and plural nouns.

      *Does is used in the Present Simple Tense with the following pronouns he, she, it and plural nouns and uncountable nouns.

      Question with the verb "have" as the main verb

      Wh - word (if needed)

      Auxiliary Verb

      Subject

      Main Verb "Have"

      Continue the Sentence

      When

      do/did/will

      I

      have

      time to visit him?

      -

      Do/Did/Will

      we

      have

      to cook dinner when we got home?

      Why

      do/did/will

      they

      have

      little homework?

      When

      does/did/will

      the car

      have

      to get a new paint job?

      -

      Does/Did/Will

      our teacher

      have

      a hard time teaching us?.

      Why

      does/did/will

      your father

      have

      so much candy in the car?.

      What are verbals?
      How do verbals cause sentence fragments?
      What is a split infinitive?

      A verbal is the form of a verb used as a noun, adjective or adverb.

      Identifying verbals can be somewhat tricky. While verbals are forms of verbs, they are NOT the action associated with the subject. In other words, they are not verbs.

      1. Gerunds are forms of the verb that function as nouns. They always end in "ing."
      2. Participles are forms of the verb that function as adjectives. They can end in "ed," "en," or "ing.
      3. Infinitives are forms of the verb that may acts as adjectives, adverbs or nouns. They include "to" plus the base form of the verb, as in "to run."

      Prepositional verbs are a group of multi-word verbs made from a verb plus another word or words. Many people refer to all multi-word verbs as phrasal verbs. On these pages we make a distinction between three types of multi-word verbs: prepositional verbs, phrasal verbs and phrasal-prepositional verbs. On this page we look at prepositional verbs.

      Prepositional verbs are made of:

      verb + preposition

      Because a preposition always has an object, all prepositional verbs have direct objects. Here are some examples of prepositional verbs:

      prepositional verbsmeaningexamples
       direct object
      believe inhave faith in the existence ofI believe inGod.
      look aftertake care ofHe is looking afterthe dog.
      talk aboutdiscussDid you talk aboutme?
      wait forawaitJohn is waiting forMary.

      Prepositional verbs cannot be separated. That means that we cannot put the direct object between the two parts.

      Instructions: Find the subjects, verbs, and direct objects in these sentences.

      1. The football player changed his clothes and took a shower.

      2. The speaker read his speech and answered some questions.

      3. The carpenter fixed the door and painted the house.

      4. The little girl played the piano and sang a song.

      5. My neighbor moved his lawn and watered the flowers.

      Answers:

      1. player = subject / changed = verb / clothes = direct object // took = verb / shower = direct object

      2. speaker = subject / read = verb / speech = direct object // answered = verb / questions = direct object

      3. carpenter = subject / fixed = verb / door = direct object // painted = verb / house = direct object

      4. girl = subject / played = verb / piano = direct object // sang = verb / song = direct object

      5. neighbor= subject / moved = verb / lawn = direct object // watered = verb / flowers = direct object

      Lexical Verb or Main Verb:

      A main verb is also known as a lexical verb. The main verb in a verb phrase is the word that expresses the activity, event and feeling etc. that is being described in the sentence. All main verbs are either action verb or linking verbs.

      He plays football.

      Sumeet is reading a novel.

      Action Verb:

      A verb may describe an action or activity, or an event or happening. The word 'verb' comes from Latin word - 'verbum' means word. An action verb may equally describe a mental process such as thinking, knowing or wanting:

      Remember, forget, fear, suspect, wonder, need.

      An action verb may also describe something that happens to a person or thing: Get, receive and sustain etc.

      To find out the action verb in a sentence, ask yourself which word describes what someone or something is doing or thinking or what is happening. There are two kinds of action verb:

      i) Transitive Verb

      ii) Intransitive Veb

      Transitive Verb:

      A lexical verb that has a direct object is a transitive verb. Some transitive verbs have both a direct object and an indirect object. Transitive comes from Latin word 'transire' meaning 'to go across'. The action of the verb 'goes across' from the subject of the verb to the direct object of the verb: e.g.

      I like cows.

      It is further divided into three classes.

      Mono transitive verbs:

      Mono transitive verbs have only one object, a direct object.

      For example: I know the answer.

      Di transitive verbs:

      Di transitive verbs have two objects, a direct object and an indirect object.

      I told him (indirect) the answer. (direct)

      Complex Transitive Verbs:

      Complex transitive verbs have a direct object and a complement (a word or phrase that says something about the direct object.)

      They have painted their house purple. (complement)

      I will prove you wrong.

      Intransitive Verb:

      A lexical verb that has neither a complement nor a direct object is an intransitive verb. All intransitive berbs are action verbs. e.g. :

      My brother never smokes in the house.

      Some verb can be transitive, intransitive and linking verbs.

      She could smell the smoke. (Transitive Verb)

      The rose smells sweet. (Linking verb)

      Your feet smell. (intransitive)

      Linking Verb:

      Some verbs don't describe actions, thoughts, events etc. but are used in description of what someone or something is or what they are like. Such verbs are known as linking verb. It is also known as an intensive verb or a copula, a Latin word, meaning 'link' between subject and complement. The main linking verbs in English are:

      Appear, be, become, feel, get, grow, keep, look, make, prove, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste and turn etc. e. g.

      The soup smells good.

      The verbs appear, prove and seem are often followed by to be.

      She was proved to be wise.

      Auxiliary Verb:

      An auxiliary verb is a verb that is used along with a main verb to make different tenses or to express ideas such as possibility, necessity and permission. There are two kinds of these verbs:

      Primary auxiliaries :- be, have and do. They can act both as lexical verbs and as auxiliary verb:

      I have a new car.

      I have bought a new car.

      Modal auxiliaries :-

      can, could, may, might, will, would, shall, should and must. They are followed by bare infinitive whereas Lexical verbs are followed by to infinitives:

      I want to know what happened.

      I do like ice cream.

      We should work hard.

      Reflexive Verb:

      When the object of a transitive verb is a reflexive pronoun such as himself, myself or ourselves, the verb is sometimes called a reflexive verb. It comes from Latin word 'reflectere' means 'to bend back'. The action of the verb 'bends back' to the subject of the verb, that is to say, it is something that the subject of the verb does to himself or herself.

      He warmed himself at the fire.

      Have you ever asked yourself that question?

      Performative Verb:

      These verbs describe actions that are actually performed by using the verb itself in a sentence (such as promise, swear, apologize, thank, confess. e.g.

      I promise I will do there.

      I swear to speak the truth.

      I apologize for the delay.

      We thank you for your recent letter.

      I confess I had forgotten all about our arrangement to meet up with them.

      Strong Verb:

      Verbs that form their past tenses and past participles by changing the vowel of the stem or by adding -n are called strong verbs.

      Arise arose arisen,

      Weak Verb:

      Verbs that form their past tenses and past participles by adding -ed, -d and -t are known as weak verb.

      Phrasal verb:

      A phrasal verb is an expression that consists of lexical verbs plus an adverb or a preposition or both an adverb and a preposition.

      Ø With adverb:

      away, back, by, down, off, on and out. For example:

      Sit down

      Go away

      Get back the papers.

      Ø With prepositions:

      At, by, for, into, of, on and with. For example:

      He broke into the house.

      What are you looking for?

      Ø With adverb and prepositions:

      Put up with, run out of, go in for, do away with. The adverbs (up, out, in, along, through, away) always precede the prepositon (such as with, of , for).

      I can't put up with you.

      I have run out of money.

      If the direct object is a noun or noun phrase, it may stand either behind or in front of the adverb.

      e.g. Hand over the money. or Hand the money over.

      If the direct object is a pronoun, it must come between the verb and the adverb. e.g.

      Of course, we'll come and see you off at the station.

      An indirect object always comes between the verb and the adverb. e.g.

      Give me back my pencil.

      If there are two objects, the indirect object precedes the direct object. e.g.

      Please give me it back.

      Verb Phrase:

      A verb phrase is a group of two or more words that have the same function as a single verb in a sentence. Be (is, am, are, was, were) + V1+ing, (Has, have, had) + V3

      I am reading a book. Mrs. Revathi has taught us well.

      A verb phrase can also be analysed in terms of finite and non-finite verbs. It consists of a finite verb plus one or more non-finite verbs. e.g.

      She is (finite verb) singing (non-finite verb).

      She has (finite verb) been (non-finite verb) singing (non-finite verb).

      Finite verb:

      Any verb that change, or that may change, in form to match its subject or to indicate present, past or future is a finite verb. It is said to agree with its subject. This is known as agreement or concord. e.g.

      She teaches English.

      We teach English.

      In verb phrases, it is the auxiliary verb that is the finite verb. e.g.

      He is going to school.

      They are going to school.

      Although modal auxiliary verbs are finite verbs and change to indicate reference to the past, the present or the future, they don't, unlike other finite verbs, change in form to agree with their subject. e.g.

      He can go tomorrow.

      They can go tomorrow.

      They could not go last week.

      Verbs that express wishes or commands are also considered finite verb, even though, they don't change in form to agree with their subject, and infect usually don't have a subject expressed in the sentence at all. e.g.

      Don't touch him.

      Non-finite verb:

      They don't change in form to agree with a subject, or to indicate past, present and future:

      He is working hard.

      I am working hard.

      He was working hard.

      An infinitive need not always follow an auxiliary verbs, it may also follow a lexical verb. But note that while an auxiliary verb is followed by a bare infinitive (V1), a lexical verb is usually followed by a to + V1. But lexical verb 'let' always followed by bare infinitive (V1).

      He will come with us.

      He wants to come with us.

      Let them come in.

      Adjective and nouns are sometimes followed by to + V1. e.g.:

      I am very glad to see you.

      It is time to take tea.

      Kinds of non-finite Verb:

      Infinitive:

      Infinitives are often used after other verbs. A modal verb is followed by a bare infinitive and a lexical verb is followed by to infinitive:

      • We can go. We want to go. They like to sing.

      Gerund (Verbal Noun):

      Verbal nouns or gerunds have the same form as present participles, but behave as nouns rather than verbs. For example, a verbal noun can act as the subject or object in a sentence:

      • Playing football is good for you.
      • I hate telling lies.

      Participle:

      Present participles are used to form continuous tenses while past participle are used in the formation of perfect tenses and passive constructions:

      • I am coming. I have gone. He was caught.
      Verb
      What is a verb?
      What are various examples of verbs?
      What should you be able to identify and know about a verb?
      Where should a main verb be placed in s simple declarative sentence?
      What is the difference between types and forms of verbs?
      What are various verb forms?
      How many verb forms are there?
      Is there a difference between verb conjugation and verb forms?
      Verb conjugation and verb tenses: what is the difference?
      How many total verb tenses are there?
      How do you write a question starting with a helping verb?
      Verbs - Spelling Rules
      The spelling for the verb in the third person differs depending on the ending of that verb:
      Verb Conjugation Table

      What is the form of the verb?
      Is it infinitive, base, past simple, past participle, present participle, present simple, or third person singular?
      All verbs have four principal forms.
      The be verb has nine forms.
      Not all verbs have nine forms.

      What are various verb forms?
      How many verb forms are there?
      -
      - infinitive base past simple past participle present participle (Gerund) present simple, 3rd person singular
      regular (to) work work worked worked working works
      irregular (to) be* be was were been being am are is
      - (to) do do did done doing do/does
      - (to) have have had had having have / has
      Name of verb
      Infinitive
      Base form
      work
      write
      Past form
      worked
      wrote
      Past participle
      worked
      written
      Present participle
      working
      writing
      regular to workI can work.
      I work.
      I worked. I have worked.I am working.
      irregular to writeI can write.
      I write.
      I wrote.I have written. I am writing.
      What are the headings under which verb forms are classified?
      Verb conjugation and verb tenses: what is the difference?
      What is an infinitive?
      Base Form
      What is a participle?
      What is a past participle?
      What is the present participle?
      How do you write a question starting with a helping verb?
      How do you write a question starting with a question word?
      What is an irregular verb?
      What is the difference between regular verbs and irregular verbs?
      What is a transitive verb?
      What is an intransitive verb?
      What is an infinitive?
      Infinitive or -ing Quiz
      What should you be able to identify and know about a verb?
      How do you classify verbs?
      There are many different classifications of verbs.
      You need to follow the classification that solves real-world problems.
      You need to follow those details so that you can write declarative, interrogative, imperative, and exclamatory sentences.

      There are eight types of verbs:
      Helping (Auxiliary) Verbs
        1. Primary helping (Auxiliary) verbs (3 verbs)
          The primary auxiliary verbs are 'be', 'do', and 'have'.
        2. Modal helping (Auxiliary) verbs (10 verbs)
      Main Verbs
        Action verbs
        3. Transitive verbs ( Transitive, intransitive, and ditransitive Verbs)
        4. Intransitive verbs
        5. Linking verbs
        6. Dynamic and stative verbs
        7. Regular verbs
        8. Irregular verbs
      Auxiliary Verbs

      What are auxiliary verbs?
      Primary Auxiliary Verbs

      What are primary auxiliary verbs?
      The primary auxiliaries are: be, have, and do.
      How many primary auxiliary verbs are there?
      Be - Am - Is - Are -Was - Were
      Do - Does - Did
      Have - Has -Had
      Verb Quiz
      Modal Auxiliary Verbs

      What are modal auxiliary verbs?
      How many modal auxiliary verbs are there?

      Common Modal Verbs
      Can Ought to
      Could Shall
      May Should
      Might Will
      Must Would
      Please make an action verb sentence and linking verb senence with each.
      1.)appear
      2.)sound
      3.)smell
      What is verb conjugation?

      Learning how to conjugate verbs is essential for learning a language.

      Conjugation is the creation of derived forms of a verb from its principal parts by inflection (regular alteration according to rules of grammar).

      Conjugation may be affected by person, number, gender, tense, aspect, mood, voice, or other grammatical categories.

      Conjugated forms of a verb are called finite forms. In many languages there are also one or more forms that remain unchanged with all or most grammatical categories: the non-finite forms, such as the infinitive or the gerund. A table giving all the conjugated variants of a verb in a given language is called a conjugation table or a verb paradigm.

      English verb conjugation rules
      There are 3 categories of verbs:

      Regular verbs
      Irregular verbs
      Modal verbs

      The Basic rules for regular and irregular verbs are:

      Present Simple:

      Affirmative: I, you, we, they + verb (Infinitive without “to”) He/she/it + verb (Infinitive without “to”) + “-s”

      Negative: I, you, we, they + do + not + verb (Infinitive without “to” He/she/it + does + not + verb (Infinitive without “to”)

      Interrogative: Do + I, you, we, they + verb (Infinitive without “to” Does + he/she/it + verb (Infinitive without “to”)?

      Past Simple:

      Affirmative: I, you, he/she/it, we, they + verb (Past Participle)

      Negative: I, you, he/she/it, we, they + did + not + verb (Infinitive without “to”)

      Interrogative: Did + I, you, he/she/it, we, they + verb (Infinitive without “to)?

      Present continuous:

      Affirmative: I, you, he/she/it, we, they + be (Present Simple) + verb (Present Participle (verb+”-ing”))

      Negative: I, you, he/she/it, we, they + be (Present Simple) + not + verb (Present Participle)

      Interrogative: Be (Present Simple) + I, you, we, they + verb (Present Participle)?

      Past continuous:

      Affirmative: I, you, he/she/it, we, they + be (Past Simple) + verb (Present Participle)

      Negative: I, you, he/she/it, we, they + be (Past Simple) + not + verb (Present Participle)

      Interrogative: Be (Past Simple) + I, you, we, they + verb (Present Participle)?

      Present perfect:

      Affirmative: I, you, we, they + have + verb (Past Participle) He/she/it + has + verb (Past Participle)

      Negative: I, you, we, they + have + not + verb (Past Participle) He/she/it + has + not + verb (Past Participle)

      Interrogative: Have + I, you, we, they + verb (Past Participle)? Has+ he/she/it + verb (Past Participle)?

      Past perfect:

      Affirmative: I, you, he/she/it, we, they + had + verb (Past Participle)

      Negative: I, you, he/she/it, we, they + had + not + verb (Past Participle)

      Interrogative: Had + I, you, he/she/it, we, they + verb (Past Participle)?

      Present perfect continuous:

      Affirmative: I, you, we, they + have + been + verb (Present Participle) He/she/it + has + been + verb (Present Participle)

      Negative: I, you, we, they + have + not + been + verb (Present Participle) He/she/it + has + not + been + verb (Present Participle)

      Interrogative: Have + I, you, we, they + been + verb (Present Participle)? Has+ he/she/it + been + verb (Present Participle)?

      Past perfect continuous:

      Affirmative: I, you, he/she/it, we, they + had + been + verb (Present Participle)

      Negative: I, you, he/she/it, we, they + had+ not + been + verb (Present Participle)

      Interrogative: Had + I, you, he/she/it, we, they + been + verb (Present Participle)?

      Future:

      Affirmative: I, you, he/she/it, we, they + will + verb (Infinitive without “to”)

      Negative: I, you, he/she/it, we, they + will + not + verb (Infinitive without “to”)

      Interrogative: Will + I, you, he/she/it, we, they + verb (Infinitive without “to”)?

      Future Perfect:

      Affirmative: I, you, he/she/it, we, they +will + have + verb (Past Participle)

      Negative: I, you, he/she/it, we, they +will + not + have + verb (Past Participle)

      Interrogative: Will + I, you, he/she/it, we, they + have + verb (Past Participle)?

      Future continuous:

      Affirmative: I, you, he/she/it, we, they + will + be + verb (Present Participle)

      Negative: I, you, he/she/it, we, they + will + not + be + verb (Present Participle)

      Interrogative: Will + I, you, he/she/it, we, they + be + verb (Present Participle)?

      Future perfect continuous:

      Affirmative: I, you, he/she/it, we, they + will + have + been + verb (Present Participle)

      Negative: I, you, he/she/it, we, they + will + not + have + been + verb (Present Participle)

      Interrogative: Will + I, you, he/she/it, we, they + have + been + verb (Present Participle)?

      Most Common 1,000 English Verbs
      1. Be
      2. have
      3. DO
      4. say
      5. get
      6. make
      7. go
      8. see
      9. know
      10. take
      11. think
      12. come
      13. give
      14. look
      15. use
      16. find
      17. want
      18. Tell
      19. put
      20. mean
      21. become
      22. leave
      23. work
      24. need
      25. feel
      26. seem
      27. ask
      28. show
      29. try
      30. Call
      31. keep
      32. provide
      33. hold
      34. turn
      35. follow
      36. Begin
      37. bring
      38. like
      39. going
      40. help
      41. start
      42. run
      43. write
      44. Set
      45. move
      46. play
      47. pay
      48. hear
      49. include
      50. believe
      51. allow
      52. meet
      53. lead
      54. live
      55. stand
      56. happen
      57. carry
      58. talk
      59. appear
      60. produce
      61. sit
      62. offer
      63. consider
      64. expect
      65. suggest
      66. LET
      67. read
      68. require
      69. continue
      70. lose
      71. ADD
      72. change
      73. Fall
      74. remain
      75. remember
      76. buy
      77. speak
      78. stop
      79. send
      80. receive
      81. decide
      82. win
      83. understand
      84. describe
      85. develop
      86. agree
      87. open
      88. reach
      89. build
      90. involve
      91. spend
      92. return
      93. draw
      94. die
      95. Hope
      96. create
      97. walk
      98. sell
      99. wait
      100. cause
      101. pass
      102. Lie
      103. accept
      104. watch
      105. raise
      106. Base
      107. apply
      108. break
      109. explain
      110. learn
      111. increase
      112. cover
      113. grow
      114. claim
      115. report
      116. support
      117. cut
      118. form
      119. stay
      120. contain
      121. reduce
      122. establish
      123. join
      124. wish
      125. achieve
      126. seek
      127. choose
      128. deal
      129. face
      130. fail
      131. serve
      132. end
      133. kill
      134. occur
      135. drive
      136. represent
      137. rise
      138. discuss
      139. love
      140. pick
      141. place
      142. argue
      143. prove
      144. wear
      145. catch
      146. enjoy
      147. eat
      148. introduce
      149. enter
      150. present
      151. arrive
      152. ensure
      153. point
      154. plan
      155. pull
      156. refer
      157. act
      158. relate
      159. affect
      160. close
      161. identify
      162. manage
      163. thank
      164. compare
      165. announce
      166. obtain
      167. note
      168. forget
      169. indicate
      170. wonder
      171. maintain
      172. publish
      173. suffer
      174. avoid
      175. express
      176. suppose
      177. finish
      178. determine
      179. design
      180. listen
      181. save
      182. tend
      183. treat
      184. control
      185. share
      186. remove
      187. throw
      188. visit
      189. exist
      190. encourage
      191. force
      192. reflect
      193. admit
      194. assume
      195. smile
      196. prepare
      197. replace
      198. fill
      199. improve
      200. mention
      201. fight
      202. intend
      203. Miss
      204. discover
      205. drop
      206. hit
      207. push
      208. prevent
      209. refuse
      210. regard
      211. lay
      212. reveal
      213. Teach
      214. answer
      215. operate
      216. State
      217. depend
      218. enable
      219. record
      220. check
      221. complete
      222. cost
      223. sound
      224. laugh
      225. realise
      226. extend
      227. arise
      228. notice
      229. define
      230. examine
      231. fit
      232. study
      233. bear
      234. hang
      235. recognise
      236. shake
      237. sign
      238. attend
      239. fly
      240. gain
      241. perform
      242. result
      243. travel
      244. adopt
      245. confirm
      246. protect
      247. demand
      248. stare
      249. imagine
      250. attempt
      251. beat
      252. Born
      253. associate
      254. care
      255. marry
      256. collect
      257. voice
      258. employ
      259. issue
      260. release
      261. emerge
      262. mind
      263. aim
      264. deny
      265. Mark
      266. shoot
      267. appoint
      268. Order
      269. supply
      270. drink
      271. observe
      272. reply
      273. ignore
      274. link
      275. propose
      276. ring
      277. settle
      278. strike
      279. press
      280. respond
      281. arrange
      282. survive
      283. concentrate
      284. lift
      285. approach
      286. Cross
      287. test
      288. charge
      289. experience
      290. touch
      291. acquire
      292. commit
      293. demonstrate
      294. Grant
      295. prefer
      296. repeat
      297. sleep
      298. threaten
      299. feed
      300. insist
      301. launch
      302. limit
      303. promote
      304. deliver
      305. measure
      306. own
      307. retain
      308. assess
      309. attract
      310. belong
      311. consist
      312. contribute
      313. hide
      314. promise
      315. reject
      316. cry
      317. impose
      318. invite
      319. sing
      320. vary
      321. warn
      322. address
      323. declare
      324. destroy
      325. worry
      326. divide
      327. head
      328. name
      329. stick
      330. nod
      331. recognize
      332. train
      333. attack
      334. clear
      335. combine
      336. handle
      337. influence
      338. realize
      339. recommend
      340. shout
      341. spread
      342. undertake
      343. account
      344. select
      345. climb
      346. contact
      347. recall
      348. secure
      349. step
      350. transfer
      351. welcome
      352. conclude
      353. disappear
      354. display
      355. dress
      356. illustrate
      357. imply
      358. organise
      359. direct
      360. escape
      361. generate
      362. investigate
      363. remind
      364. advise
      365. afford
      366. earn
      367. hand
      368. inform
      369. rely
      370. succeed
      371. approve
      372. burn
      373. fear
      374. vote
      375. conduct
      376. cope
      377. derive
      378. elect
      379. gather
      380. jump
      381. last
      382. match
      383. matter
      384. persuade
      385. ride
      386. shut
      387. blow
      388. estimate
      389. recover
      390. score
      391. slip
      392. count
      393. hate
      394. attach
      395. exercise
      396. house
      397. lean
      398. roll
      399. wash
      400. accompany
      401. accuse
      402. bind
      403. explore
      404. judge
      405. rest
      406. steal
      407. comment
      408. exclude
      409. focus
      410. hurt
      411. stretch
      412. withdraw
      413. back
      414. fix
      415. justify
      416. knock
      417. pursue
      418. switch
      419. appreciate
      420. benefit
      421. lack
      422. list
      423. occupy
      424. permit
      425. surround
      426. abandon
      427. blame
      428. complain
      429. connect
      430. construct
      431. dominate
      432. engage
      433. paint
      434. quote
      435. view
      436. acknowledge
      437. dismiss
      438. incorporate
      439. interpret
      440. proceed
      441. search
      442. separate
      443. stress
      444. alter
      445. analyse
      446. arrest
      447. bother
      448. defend
      449. expand
      450. implement
      451. possess
      452. review
      453. suit
      454. tie
      455. assist
      456. calculate
      457. glance
      458. mix
      459. question
      460. resolve
      461. rule
      462. suspect
      463. Wake
      464. appeal
      465. challenge
      466. clean
      467. damage
      468. guess
      469. reckon
      470. restore
      471. restrict
      472. specify
      473. constitute
      474. convert
      475. distinguish
      476. submit
      477. trust
      478. urge
      479. feature
      480. Land
      481. locate
      482. predict
      483. preserve
      484. solve
      485. sort
      486. struggle
      487. cast
      488. Cook
      489. dance
      490. invest
      491. lock
      492. owe
      493. pour
      494. shift
      495. kick
      496. kiss
      497. Light
      498. purchase
      499. race
      500. retire
      501. Bend
      502. breathe
      503. celebrate
      504. date
      505. fire
      506. Monitor
      507. print
      508. register
      509. resist
      510. behave
      511. comprise
      512. decline
      513. detect
      514. finance
      515. organize
      516. overcome
      517. range
      518. swing
      519. differ
      520. drag
      521. guarantee
      522. oppose
      523. pack
      524. pause
      525. relax
      526. resign
      527. Rush
      528. store
      529. waste
      530. compete
      531. expose
      532. found
      533. install
      534. mount
      535. negotiate
      536. sink
      537. Split
      538. whisper
      539. assure
      540. award
      541. borrow
      542. bury
      543. capture
      544. deserve
      545. distribute
      546. doubt
      547. enhance
      548. phone
      549. sweep
      550. tackle
      551. advance
      552. cease
      553. concern
      554. emphasise
      555. exceed
      556. qualify
      557. slide
      558. strengthen
      559. transform
      560. favour
      561. grab
      562. lend
      563. participate
      564. perceive
      565. pose
      566. practise
      567. satisfy
      568. scream
      569. smoke
      570. sustain
      571. tear
      572. adapt
      573. adjust
      574. BAN
      575. consult
      576. dig
      577. dry
      578. highlight
      579. outline
      580. reinforce
      581. shrug
      582. snap
      583. absorb
      584. amount
      585. block
      586. confine
      587. delay
      588. encounter
      589. entitle
      590. plant
      591. pretend
      592. request
      593. rid
      594. sail
      595. trace
      596. trade
      597. Wave
      598. cite
      599. dream
      600. flow
      601. fulfil
      602. lower
      603. process
      604. react
      605. seize
      606. allocate 607. burst
      608. communicate
      609. defeat
      610. double
      611. exploit
      612. fund
      613. govern
      614. hurry
      615. injure
      616. pray
      617. protest
      618. sigh
      619. smell
      620. stir
      621. swim
      622. undergo
      623. wander
      624. anticipate
      625. collapse
      626. compose
      627. confront
      628. ease
      629. eliminate
      630. evaluate
      631. grin
      632. interview
      633. remark
      634. suspend
      635. weigh
      636. wipe
      637. wrap
      638. attribute
      639. Balance
      640. bet
      641. bound
      642. cancel
      643. condemn
      644. convince
      645. correspond
      646. dare
      647. devise
      648. free
      649. gaze
      650. guide
      651. inspire
      652. modify
      653. murder
      654. prompt
      655. reverse
      656. rub
      657. slow
      658. spot
      659. swear
      660. telephone
      661. wind
      662. admire
      663. bite
      664. crash
      665. disturb
      666. greet
      667. hesitate
      668. induce
      669. integrate
      670. knit
      671. line
      672. load
      673. murmur
      674. render
      675. shine
      676. swallow
      677. tap
      678. translate
      679. yield
      680. accommodate
      681. age
      682. assert
      683. await
      684. Book
      685. brush
      686. Chase
      687. comply
      688. copy
      689. criticise
      690. devote
      691. evolve
      692. flee
      693. forgive
      694. initiate
      695. interrupt
      696. leap
      697. mutter
      698. overlook
      699. risk
      700. SHAPE
      701. spell
      702. squeeze
      703. trap
      704. undermine
      705. witness
      706. beg
      707. drift
      708. Echo
      709. emphasize
      710. enforce
      711. exchange
      712. fade
      713. float
      714. freeze
      715. hire
      716. IN
      717. object
      718. pop
      719. provoke
      720. recruit
      721. research
      722. sense
      723. situate
      724. stimulate
      725. abolish
      726. administer
      727. allege
      728. command
      729. consume
      730. convey
      731. correct
      732. educate
      733. equip
      734. execute
      735. fetch
      736. frown
      737. invent
      738. MArch
      739. Park
      740. progress
      741. reserve
      742. respect
      743. twist
      744. unite
      745. value
      746. assign
      747. cater
      748. concede
      749. conceive
      750. disclose
      751. envisage
      752. exhibit
      753. export
      754. extract
      755. fancy
      756. inherit
      757. insert
      758. instruct
      759. interfere
      760. isolate
      761. opt
      762. peer
      763. persist
      764. plead
      765. Price
      766. regret
      767. regulate
      768. repair
      769. resemble
      770. resume
      771. speed
      772. spin
      773. spring
      774. update
      775. advocate
      776. assemble
      777. boost
      778. breed
      779. cling
      780. commission
      781. conceal
      782. contemplate
      783. criticize
      784. decorate
      785. descend
      786. drain
      787. edit
      788. embrace
      789. excuse
      790. explode
      791. facilitate
      792. flash
      793. fold
      794. function
      795. grasp
      796. incur
      797. intervene
      798. label
      799. please
      800. rescue
      801. strip
      802. tip
      803. upset
      804. advertise
      805. aid
      806. Centre
      807. classify
      808. coincide
      809. confess
      810. contract
      811. crack
      812. creep
      813. decrease
      814. deem
      815. dispose
      816. dissolve
      817. dump
      818. endorse
      819. formulate
      820. import
      821. impress
      822. market
      823. reproduce
      824. scatter
      825. schedule
      826. ship
      827. shop
      828. spare
      829. sponsor
      830. stage
      831. suck
      832. Sue
      833. tempt
      834. vanish
      835. access
      836. commence
      837. contrast
      838. depict
      839. discharge
      840. draft
      841. enclose
      842. enquire
      843. erect
      844. file
      845. halt
      846. Hunt
      847. inspect v 848. omit
      849. originate
      850. praise
      851. precede
      852. relieve
      853. reward
      854. round
      855. SEAL
      856. signal
      857. smash
      858. spoil
      859. subject
      860. target
      861. taste
      862. tighten
      863. top
      864. tremble
      865. tuck
      866. warm
      867. activate
      868. amend
      869. arouse
      870. bang
      871. bid
      872. bow
      873. campaign
      874. characterise
      875. circulate
      876. clarify
      877. compensate
      878. compile
      879. cool
      880. couple
      881. depart
      882. deprive
      883. desire
      884. diminish
      885. drown
      886. embark
      887. entail
      888. entertain
      889. figure
      890. fling
      891. guard
      892. manufacture
      893. melt
      894. neglect
      895. plunge
      896. project
      897. rain
      898. reassure
      899. rent
      900. revive
      901. sentence
      902. shed
      903. slam
      904. spill
      905. stem
      906. sum
      907. summon
      908. supplement
      909. suppress
      910. surprise
      911. tax
      912. thrust
      913. tour
      914. transmit
      915. transport
      916. weaken
      917. widen
      918. bounce
      919. calm
      920. characterize
      921. chat
      922. clutch
      923. confer
      924. conform
      925. confuse
      926. convict
      927. counter
      928. debate
      929. dedicate
      930. dictate
      931. disagree
      932. effect
      933. flood
      934. forbid
      935. grip
      936. heat
      937. long
      938. manipulate
      939. merge
      940. part
      941. PIN
      942. position
      943. prescribe
      944. proclaim
      945. punish
      946. rebuild
      947. regain
      948. sack
      949. strain
      950. stroke
      951. substitute
      952. supervise
      953. term
      954. time
      955. toss
      956. underline
      957. abuse
      958. accumulate
      959. alert
      960. arm
      961. attain
      962. boast
      963. boil
      964. carve
      965. cheer
      966. colour
      967. compel
      968. crawl
      969. crush
      970. Curl
      971. deposit
      972. differentiate
      973. dip
      974. dislike
      975. divert
      976. embody
      977. exert
      978. exhaust
      979. fine
      980. frighten
      981. fuck
      982. gasp
      983. honour
      984. inhibit
      985. motivate
      986. multiply
      987. narrow
      988. obey
      989. penetrate
      990. picture
      991. presume
      992. prevail
      993. pronounce
      994. rate
      995. renew
      996. revise
      997. rip
      998. scan
      999. scratch
      1000. shiver

      Stative (or State) Verb List
      1. agree

      2. appear

      3. astonish

      4. be

      5. believe

      6. belong

      7. concern

      8. consist

      9. contain

      10. deny

      11. depend

      12. deserve

      13. disagree

      14. dislike

      15. doubt

      16. feel (=have an opinion)

      17. fit hate

      18. have

      19. hear

      20. imagine

      21. impress

      22. include

      23. involve

      24. know

      25. lack

      26. like

      27. look (=seem)

      28. love

      29. matter

      30. mean

      31. measure (=have length etc)

      32. mind

      33. need

      34. owe

      35. own

      36. please

      37. possess

      38. prefer

      39. promise

      40. realise

      41. recognise

      42. remember

      43. satisfy

      44. see

      45. seem

      46. smell

      47. sound

      48. suppose

      49. surprise

      50. taste

      51. think (=have an opinion)

      52. understand

      53. want

      54. weigh (=have weight)

      55. wish

      23 Auxiliary Verbs Complete List
      This is the complete list of auxiliary verbs in English.
      BE verbs: is, are, am, was, were
      HAVE verbs: have, has, had
      DO verbs: do, does, did
      MODAL Verbs: will, would, shall, should, may, might, can, could, must, need, dare and ought to!

      Inflections Are inflections (prefix, suffix, plural, possessive) applicable to this word?

      What are the details of inflections of this word?

      Do all English words have inflections?

      No, they do not.
      Nouns, verbs, and adjectives have inflections.
      Now adverbs also have inflections.

      What is Inflection?
      When words are inflected, letters are added to the base form of words. Inflection is the grammatical term for letters added to nouns, adjectives, and verbs to show their different grammatical forms.

      Inflection is the change of form a noun, adjective, verb, etc., undergoes to distinguish its case, gender, mood, number, voice, etc. Inflection occurs when the word is used to express various meanings.

      What are examples of English language verb inflections?
      What are examples of English language noun inflections?
      What are examples of English language adjective inflections?
      What are examples of English language adverb inflections?

      Do prepositions have inflections?
      No.

      Do prepositions have meaning in English?
      Yes.

      What are various examples?
      Take a look at this.
      https://qureshiuniversity.com/schoolworld.html#Prepositions

      What are examples of the conjugation of the verb investigate?

      Regular

      To investigate (infinitive), investigate (base form of verb), investigates (third-person singular), investigated (past participle), investigating (present participle)

      Irregular

      Infinitive: (to) write
      Simple past: wrote
      Present participle: writing
      Past participle: written

      - infinitive base past simple past participle present participle present simple, 3rd person singular
      regular (to) work work worked worked working works
      irregular (to) be* be was were been being am are is
      Here are further guidelines.

      How do you use multiple verbs in the correct order?
      I will have been investigating this case.

      Where does this word go in a simple declarative sentence?
      Structure of the future perfect continuous tense in English
      Subject + will have been + verb-ing
      I will have been investigating this case.
      Here are further guidelines.

      Where does this word go in a question in English?
      Who will be investigating the case?
      Dr. Asif Qureshi will be investigating this case.
      Here are further guidelines.

      Where does this word go in various other types of sentences other than simple declarative sentence and a question?
      The book is on the table.
      The book is on the table, and I will be investigating the case.
      After lunch, I will be investigating the case.
      After lunch, I will be investigating the case, and she will also be investigating the case.
      Investigate the case.
      Here are further guidelines.

      Last Updated: January 25, 2023