Qureshi University, Advanced courses, via cutting edge technology, News, Breaking News | Latest News And Media | Current News
admin@qureshiuniversity.com
Admissions | Accreditation | A to Z Degree Fields | Books | Catalog | Colleges | Contact Us | Continents/States | Construction | Contracts | Distance Education | Emergency | Emergency Medicine | Examinations | English Editing Service | Forms | Grants | Hostels | Honorary Doctorate degree | Human Services | Human Resources | Internet | Investment | Instructors | Internship | Login | Lecture | Librarians | Languages | Manufacturing | Membership | Observers | Professional Examinations | Programs | Professions | Progress Report | Recommendations | Ration food and supplies | Research Grants | Researchers | Students login | School | Search | Software | Seminar | Study Center/Centre | Sponsorship | Tutoring | Thesis | Universities | Work counseling
Laboratory Tests
Blood Test
Breath Analysis
Urine Test

Blood test

Types of blood tests

Biochemical analysis
Molecular profiles
Cellular evaluation

Basic Metabolic Panel [BMP]
Blood Gases, Arterial
Blood Gases, Venous
Comprehensive Metabolic Panel [CMP]
Lipid Panel
Thyroid Tests
Hematology Panel
Leukocyte Differential
Other Common Chemistry Tests

Blood biochemistry

What questions should you ask before collecting blood samples for blood biochemistry?

Did you take any food in the past 10 hours?
Are you on any prescription medication?
Did you take any over-the-counter or other drugs/medication in the past 10 days?
Do you have any existing medical condition?

When were her last laboratory investigations like complete blood count (CBC), blood chemistry test, pulse oximetry, arterial blood gases, X-ray, etc., done?

What laboratory has done these tests?

Pulmonary tests

Have you ever done an arterial blood gas test?
Have you ever done pulse oximetry?
When and where were these tests done?
What are the results?

This section provides information about lab tests your doctor may use to screen for certain diseases or conditions.

What are lab tests?

Laboratory tests are medical procedures that involve testing samples of blood, urine, or other tissues or substances in the body.

Why does your doctor use lab tests?

Your doctor uses laboratory tests to help:

* identify changes in your health condition before any symptoms occur
* diagnose a disease or condition before you have symptoms
* plan your treatment for a disease or condition,
* evaluate your response to a treatment, or
* monitor the course of a disease over time.

How are lab tests analyzed?

After your doctor collects a sample from your body, it is sent to a laboratory. Laboratories perform tests on the sample to see if it reacts to different substances. Depending on the test, a reaction may mean you do have a particular condition or it may mean that you do not have the particular condition. Sometimes laboratories compare your results to results obtained from previous tests, to see if there has been a change in your condition.

What do lab tests show?

Lab tests show whether or not your results fall within normal ranges. Normal test values are usually given as a range, rather than as a specific number, because normal values vary from person to person. What is normal for one person may not be normal for another person.

Some laboratory tests are precise, reliable indicators of specific health problems, while others provide more general information that gives doctors clues to your possible health problems. Information obtained from laboratory tests may help doctors decide whether other tests or procedures are needed to make a diagnosis or to develop or revise a previous treatment plan. All laboratory test results must be interpreted within the context of your overall health and should be used along with other exams or tests.

What factors affect your lab test results?

Many factors can affect test results, including:
* sex
* age
* race
* medical history
* general health
* specific foods
* drugs you are taking
* how closely your follow preparatory instructions
* variations in laboratory techniques
* variation from one laboratory to another

http://www.labtestsonline.org/understanding/features/lab_report.html

Complete blood count
Chemistry panel
Urinalysis (UA)
A lipid panel (cholesterol test) is recommended every five years.
Basic Metabolic Panel [BMP]
Blood Gases, Arterial
Blood Gases, Venous
Comprehensive Metabolic Panel [CMP]
Lipid Panel
Thyroid Tests
Hematology Panel
Leukocyte Differential
Other Common Chemistry Tests

Basic Metabolic Panel [BMP]
TEST RANGE
Calcium  
1 d - 1 mo7.3 - 11.9 mg/dL
1 mo - adult 8.7 - 10.7 mg/dL
Chloride 
1 d - 1 mo91 - 118 mmol/L
1 mo - adult 99 - 108 mmol/L
CO2, Total 
1 d - 1 y13 - 22 mmol/L
1 y - 15 y20 - 28 mmol/L
15 y - adult 22 - 29 mmol/L
Creatinine 
male0.75 - 1.20 mg/dL
female0.65 - 1.00 mg/dL
Glucose 
fasting60 - 99 mg/dL
nonfasting60 - 200 mg/dL
Potassium 
1 d - 1 mo 4.0 - 6.0 mmol/L
1 mo - adult 3.4 - 5.3 mmol/L
Sodium 137.- 147 mmol/L
Urea Nitrogen (BUN) 
1 d - 1 mo4 - 12 mg/dL
1 mo - 15 y 5 - 18 mg/dL
15 y - adult 8 - 21 mg/dL
Blood Gases, Arterial
TEST RANGE
pH 
1 d - 1 mo None
1 mo - adult 7.35 - 7.45
pCO2 
1 d - 1 mo None
1 mo - adult male 35 - 48 mm Hg
1 mo - adult female 32 - 45 mm Hg
pO2 
1 d - 1 mo None
1 mo - adult 83 - 108 mm Hg
Bicarbonate 
1 - 2 d 17.2 - 23.6 mmol/L
2 d - 2 mo 19.0 - 23.9 mmol/L
2 mo - 2 y 16.3 - 23.9 mmol/L
2 y - adult 18.0 - 23.0 mmol/L
CO219.0 - 24.0 mmol/L
O2 Saturation 
1 - 2 d 40% - 90%
2 d - adult 95% - 98%
Blood Gases, Venous
TEST RANGE
pH 
1 d - 1 mo None
1 mo - adult 7.33 - 7.43
pCO2 
1 d - 1 mo None
1 mo - adult male 41 - 54 mm Hg
1 mo - adult female 38 - 51 mm Hg
pO2 
1 d - 1 mo None
1 mo - adult 25 - 29 mm Hg
Bicarbonate 22 - 29 mmol/L
CO222.0 - 26.0 mmol/L
O2 Saturation60% - 85%
Comprehensive Metabolic Panel [CMP]
TEST RANGE
Albumin 
0 - 3 y 2.9 - 5.5 g/dL
3 y - adult 3.5 - 5.0 g/dL
Alkaline Phosphatase 
1 d - 15 y 80 - 250 units/L
15 y - adult 30 - 125 units/L
ALT (SGPT)0 - 40 units/L
AST (SGOT) 3 - 44 units/L
Bilirubin, total  
1 d - 1 mo 0.6 - 11.1 mg/dL
1 mo - adult 0.2 - 1.3 mg/dL
Calcium 
1 d - 1 mo 7.3 - 11.9 mg/dL
1 mo - adult 8.7 - 10.7 mg/dL
Carbon dioxide 
1 d - 1 y13 - 22 mmol/L
1 y - 15 y 20 - 28 mmol/L
15 y - adult 22 - 29 mmol/L
Chloride 
1 d - 1 mo91 - 118 mmol/L
1 mo - adult 99 - 108 mmol/L
Creatinine 
male0.75 - 1.20 mg/dL
female0.65 - 1.00 mg/dL
Glucose 
fasting60 - 99 mg/dL
nonfasting60 - 200 mg/dL
Potassium 
1 d - 1 mo 4.0 - 6.0 mmol/L
1 mo - adult 3.4 - 5.3 mmol/L
Protein, total  
1 d - 1 mo 5.3 - 8.9 g/dL
1 mo - 8 y 5.6 - 8.5 g/dL
8y - adult 6.0 - 8.2 g/dL
Sodium 137 - 147 mmol/L
Urea Nitrogen (BUN) 
1 d - 1 mo4 - 12 mg/dL
1 mo - 15 y 5 - 18 mg/dL
15 y - adult 8 - 21 mg/dL
Lipid Panel
TEST MALE
(MG/dL)		 FEMALE
(MG/dL)
Cholestrol    
recommended <200 <200
moderate risk 200 - 239 200 - 239
high risk >239 >239
HDL cholesterol   
major risk factor<40<40
negative risk factor>59>59
LDL cholesterol   
recommended<130<130
moderate risk 130 - 159 130 - 159
high risk>159>159
Triglyceride   
recommended 30 - 14930 - 149
Thyroid Tests
TSH 0.350 - 4.940 µIU/mL
Total T4, adult 4.9-11.7:mg/dL
Free T4 0.7-1.5 ng/dL
Total T3 0.6-1.6 ng/mL
Free T3 1.7-3.7 pg/mL

COMPLETE BLOOD COUNT

Age
WBC
th/uL
RBC
mil/uL
Hgb
(g/dL)
Hct
(%)
MCV
(fl)
MCH
(pg)
MCHC
(gm/dL)
 PLATELETS (x103/mm3) RDW (%)
Adult 4.0-10.0 M: 4.50-5.90 F: 4.00-5.20 M: 13.5-17.5 F: 12.0-16.0 M: 42-54 F: 37-47 82-103 26-34 30-37 150-399 11.5-14.5
0-3 days 8-38 4.00-6.60 14.5-22.5 46-68 97-124 31-37 28-37 150-399 11.5-14.5
4-7 days 6-17 3.90-6.30 13.5-21.5 43-67 90-129 28-40 27-38 150-399 11.5-14.5
8-14 days 5-16 3.60-6.20 12.5-20.5 40-64 88-127 28-40 27-38 150-399 11.5-14.5
15-30 days 5-15 3.00-5.40 10.0-18.0 32-56 87-126 28-40 28-37 150-399 11.5-14.5
30-90 days 5-15 2.70-4.90 9.0-14.0 29-43 79-117 26-34 28-37 150-399 11.5-14.5
3-6 mos. 5-15 3.10-4.50 9.5-13.5 30-42 76-111 25-35 29-36 150-399 11.5-14.5
6 mos. - 2 yrs. 5-15 3.70-5.30 11.0-13.0 34-40 72-89 23-31 29-36 150-399 11.5-14.5
2-6 yrs. 5-13 3.90-5.30 11.5-13.5 35-41 77-90 24-30 30-37 150-399 11.5-14.5
6-12 yrs. 5-12 4.00-5.20 11.5-15.5 36-46 79-98 25-33 30-37 150-399 11.5-14.5
Automated Differential
AGE Neutrophils IG Lymphocytes Monocytes Eosinophils Basophils
th/uL (%) th/uL (%) th/uL (%) th/uL (%) th/uL (%) th/uL (%)
Adult 1.84-7.8 46-78 0.0-0.15 0.0-1.5 0.720-5.200 18-52 0.120-1.000 3-10 .000-0.600 0-6 0-0.300 0-3
Newborn 3.76-23.94 47-63 0.0-0.15 0.0-1.5 2.5-14.06 32-37 0.240-3.800 3-10 0.016-3.800 0.2-10 0.-1.140 0-3
2 wks-4 yrs. 1.1-6.0 22-40 0.0-0.15 0.0-1.5 2.5-10.95 50-73 0.150-1.500 3-10 0-0.900 0-6 0-0.450 0-3
10 yrs. 1.55-6.89 31-53 0.0-0.15 0.0-1.5 2.0-7.8 40-60 0.150-1.300 3-10 0-0.780 0-6 0-0.390 0-3
11-17 yrs. 2.05-8.04 41-67 0.0-0.15 0.0-1.5 1.35-5.85 27-58 0.150-1.200 3-10 0-0.720 0-6 0-0.360 0-3
Microscopic Differential
AGE Segmented Neutrophils Band Neutrophils Meta-myelocytes Myelo-cytges Pro-myelocytes Lympho-cytes Mono-cytes Eosino-phils Baso-phils Blast
(%) (%)       (%) (%) (%) (%)  
Adult 36-72 0-6 0 0 0 18-52 3-10 0-6 0-3 0
Newborn 47-57 0-6 0 0 0 32-37 3-10 0.2-10 0-3 0
2 wks-4 yrs. 22-34 0-6 0 0 0 50-73 3-10 0-6 0-3 0
5-10 yrs. 31-47 0-6 0 0 0 40-60 3-10 0-6 0-3 0
11-17 yrs. 41-61 0-6 0 0 0 27-58 3-10 0-6 0-3 0
Other Common Chemistry Tests
TEST RANGE
Amylase 25 - 100 units/L
Bilirubin, direct  
0 - 1 mo.0.0 - 0.6 mg/dL
1 mo. - Adult0.0 - 0.4 mg/dL
C-Reactive Protein 0 - 8 ug/mL
Creatine Kinase 10 - 205 units/L
GGT  
male12 - 64 units/L
female9 - 36 units/L
HEMOGLOBIN A1C 3.9-6.2%
LDH 110 - 240 units/L
Lipase 10 - 52 units/L
Magnesium 1.6 - 2.7 mg/dL
Phosphorus  
1 d - 1 y4.0 - 7.0 mg/dL
1 y - 15 y4.5 - 6.5 mg/dL
15 y - adult2.5 - 4.6 mg/dL

QUANTITATIVE hCG, SERUM  
Nonpregnant females0 - 4 mIU/mL

Trop 0.00 - 0.09 ng/mL
Uric Acid  
male 3.5 - 7.7 mg/dL
female2.6 - 6.8 mg/dL
0 - 15 y2.0 - 5.5 mg/dL


URINALYSIS STANDARD EXAM
(ROUTINE URINALYSIS)
Specific Gravity  1.002 - 1.030 Leukocyte esterase negative
pH                        5 - 8 RBCs          0 - 5/hpf
Protein                 negative WBCs         0 - 5/hpf
Bilirubin               negative Bacteria      negative on spun specimen
Urobilinogen        0.2 - 1 EU/dL Casts           0 - 4 hyaline casts/lpf
Glucose                negative Crystals       interpreted by physican
Ketones                negative SQEP           <5/lpf
Occult blood         negative  


COAGULATION TESTS
PROTHROMBIN TIME
9.5 - 13.2 secs

PT INR
0.83 - 1.20 		ACTIVATED PARTIAL THROMBOPLASTIN TIME
23 - 33 seconds
FIBRINOGEN
190 - 395 mg/dL		  
THROMBIN TIME
14.9 - 19.8 secs

D-DIMER:
0.00 - 0.60 mg/L
Here are further guidelines.