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What causes high blood pressure? What are the causes of a temporary increase in blood pressure? Will you diagnose such a case as hypertension? Is your way of screening and diagnosis correct? Are their medical doctors competent? What are the causes of secondary high blood pressure? What could be the causes of a temporary rise in blood pressure? If a person does a brisk walk for 2-5 minutes and you check his or her blood pressure, will it be the same as before the brisk walk, increased, or decreased? If a person has normal blood pressure and after a brisk walk of 2-5 minutes tells you that a high blood pressure is recorded, will you prescribe anti- hypertensive medication for this person? How will you advise this person? Is there an age-related difference in normal blood pressure? What is the age-related difference in normal blood pressure? Why is there an age-related difference in normal blood pressure? What are the causes of a temporary increase in blood pressure? What Factors Affect Blood Pressure? Do Vitamin Mineral supplements such as Potassium, Calcium or Magnesium help lower blood pressure? Do fats in the diet affect blood pressure? Will drinking a lot of coffee send your blood pressure up? Does stress cause high blood pressure? Does smoking tobacco cause high blood pressure? Can tranquilizers and sedatives lower blood pressure? What are the causes of secondary high blood pressure? |
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What could be the causes of a temporary rise in blood pressure? Any condition that increases heart rate temporarily can increase blood pressure temporarily. Anxiety Exercise Pregnancy Medications Caffeine Other If a person does a brisk walk for 2-5 minutes and you check his or her blood pressure, will it be the same as before the brisk walk, increased, or decreased? If a person has normal blood pressure and after a brisk walk of 2-5 minutes tells you that a high blood pressure is recorded, will you prescribe anti- hypertensive medication for this person? How will you advise this person? Is there an age-related difference in normal blood pressure? What is the age-related difference in normal blood pressure? Why is there an age-related difference in normal blood pressure? What are the causes of a temporary increase in blood pressure? Exercise. Different kinds of activity affect blood pressure differently. Although blood pressure goes up during any kind of exercise, the changes brought on by exercise vary according to whether the exercise is static or dynamic. Dynamic (aerobic) exercise involves large muscle groups engaged in rhythmic, repeated movements. Examples of aerobic activities include jogging, brisk walking, swimming, bicycling and jumping rope. Static (isometric) exercise is defined as a sustained contraction of a muscle group and is typified by weight lifting. What are the causes of a temporary increase in blood pressure? Will you diagnose such a case as hypertension? No. Is your way of screening and diagnosis correct? No. Are their medical doctors competent? No. What Causes Hypertension? While the cause of hypertension in most people remains unclear, a variety of conditions -- such as getting little or no exercise, poor diet, obesity, older age, and genetics -- can lead to hypertension. What Factors Affect Blood Pressure? Blood pumped through blood vessels is always under pressure, much like water that is pumped through a garden hose. This pressure is highest in the arteries closest to the heart and gradually decreases as the blood travels around the body. Blood keeps moving around the body because there are differences in pressure in the blood vessels. Blood flows from higher-pressure areas to lower-pressure areas until it eventually returns to the heart. Blood pressure is controlled by three things: How fast the heart beats (heart rate). The pace at which the heart beats, or heart rate, is counted in heartbeats per minute. Generally, when heart rate increases, blood pressure rises. When heart rate decreases, blood pressure drops. A number of things affect heart rate, including the body's nervous system The system in the body consisting of the brain and spinal cord (central nervous system), along with other structures; chemical messengers called hormones Chemical substances, formed in one organ or part of the body and carried in the blood to another organ or part, body temperature, medications, and diseases. How much blood the heart pumps with each beat (stroke volume). The amount of blood pumped out of a ventricle with each heartbeat is called stroke volume. When you're resting, stroke volume is about the same as the amount of blood that veins Blood vessel that carries blood toward the heart carry back to the heart. But under stressful conditions, the nervous system can increase stroke volume by making the heart pump harder. Stroke volume can also be affected by certain hormones, drugs, and diseases, as well as increases or decreases in the amount of blood in the body, called blood volume Amount of blood circulating in body. You might also hear the term "cardiac output" used to describe the amount of blood that's pumped through the body. Cardiac output is simply the amount of blood pumped out of a ventricle in one minute: Cardiac output = Heart rate x Stroke volume (amount of blood pumped with each beat) As cardiac output increases, so does blood pressure. This is why heart rate and stroke volume are important ways for the body to control blood pressure. How difficult it is for blood to travel around the body (peripheral resistance). The third major component that affects the blood pressure is the caliber or width of the arteries. Blood traveling in narrower vessels encounters more resistance The opposition to the flow of a fluid through one or more passageways, such as opposition to the passage of blood through a blood vessel than blood traveling through a wider vessel (its harder for water to pass through a narrow pipe than a wide pipe). Depending on what a person is doing, the amount of blood the heart pumps varies enormously. Yet the blood pressure normally remains pretty stable. That's mainly because the body adjusts the resistance of the arteries, either widening or narrowing them as appropriate, to prevent the blood pressure from swinging wildly. This ability to regulate the width of the blood vessels is called the peripheral resistance The body's ability to regulate the width of the blood vessels. Most of the resistance to blood flow Movement of blood through blood vessels in the circulation occurs in the small-diameter arteries called arterioles Small arteries. These arterioles are especially important in the immediate regulation of blood pressure. That's because they contain specialized smooth muscle in their walls that can relax or contract, allowing the blood vessel A term for a tube conveying blood, which may be used to describe an artery, capillary, vein, or sinus to get wider or narrower. These changes are caused by: o Nervous system stimulation (for example, stress, caffeine, or tobacco) Hormones Proteins Substances derived from the inner lining, or endothelium Singular layer of flat cells that lines the walls of the heart, blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels; inner lining of the tunica intima layer of blood vessels of blood vessels Substances released during the body's inflammatory response A chemical reactions that occur in blood vessels and nearby tissues in response to an injury or abnormal stimulation caused by a physical, chemical, or biologic agent, called inflammatory chemicals Certain medications Various diseases : A group of hormones called the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is another critical player in blood pressure control. They regulate the amount of fluid in the blood, the width of the blood vessel, and the sodium A metallic element that is one of the body electrolytes and water balance by their action on the kidneys and blood vessels. The kidneys play a vital role in long-term changes in blood pressure. The hormones act on the kidneys to control the amount of sodium and water they excrete. If too much sodium or water stays, the amount of fluid in the blood, called the blood volume, goes up. This increase in blood volume means that the heart has to pump harder to circulate more fluid, and blood pressure goes up. Keeping The Blood Pressure Normal Generally, a change in any factor that may cause the blood pressure to rise is balanced by a change in another factor. This is how the body keeps blood pressure in a normal range. For example, when you begin to exercise, your heart rate increases, as does the amount of blood pumped out of the heart with each beat (the stroke volume). This would normally increase the blood pressure. But the blood pressure remains normal because the blood vessels widen in order to increase the capacity for the extra blood being pumped while exercising. This helps offset the increase in blood pressure associated with the increase in heart rate and stroke volume associated with exercise. On the other hand, if blood pressure suddenly drops, a series of changes restores normal blood pressure. These include short-term increases in heart rate, the strength of the heart's contractions, and peripheral resistance. Over a longer time period, blood volume also increases due to the actions of hormones on the kidneys. Pulse Pressure There is another dynamic component of blood pressure called pulse pressure The difference between the systolic (maximum) blood pressure and diastolic (minimum) blood pressure.. Pulse pressure is the difference in pressure between when the ventricles Lower cavities or chambers of the right and left sides of the heart of the heart contract and when they relax. It can be felt as a throbbing beat in an artery Blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart, called a pulse. When the ventricles contract, blood is pumped out of the left ventricle into the main artery leading away from the heart to the body, called the aorta Large artery of the elastic type that is the main trunk of the systemic arterial system. This creates the highest pressure that occurs in the aorta, called the systolic blood pressure. The increased pressure and increased blood volume cause the aorta to stretch. Because the blood pressure in the aorta is higher than the pressure in more distant vessels, blood moves forward toward the body's tissues. When the ventricles relax, blood stops flowing into the aorta and the pressure drops to its lowest level. This is called the diastolic blood pressure. But blood continues to move forward in the circulation even when the ventricles are relaxed. Because the walls of the aorta and other elastic arteries Arteries that easily distend due to elastin contained in the arterial walls bounce back, they maintain pressure on the blood moving through them. Recent study results suggest that individuals with large pulse pressures are at the greater risk for complications of high blood pressure, such as stroke or heart attack. Most drugs that decrease blood pressure cause blood vessels to widen, making it easier for blood to pass through them, or cause the heart to beat less forcefully. But there's growing interest in factors that determine the pulse pressure, such as the arteries' ability to stretch or to store the blood ejected with each heartbeat. Less flexible arteries have been linked to high blood pressure, while some treatments that lower blood pressure also improve the arteries ability to store blood.Why Is It Important To Control High Blood Pressure? High blood pressure is a dangerous condition, and it should be treated appropriately. Over a period of time, once damage to the heart or other organs has begun, it is often irreversible. Uncontrolled high blood pressure damages the heart and other organs, accelerates hardening of the arteries and build-up of cholesterol-laden plaques on arterial walls, and can be lethal. If your systolic blood pressure is generally greater than 160 mm Hg, your risk of suffering stroke is four times greater than normal. If your diastolic blood pressure is generally greater than 95 mm Hg, your risk of developing coronary artery disease more than doubles. If your overall blood pressure is generally greater than 160/95, your risk of developing congestive heart failure is four times greater than normal. High blood pressure joins smoking and high cholesterol as one of the most important risk factors for coronary artery disease. High blood pressure is the most important risk factor for stroke. High Blood Pressure And Your Heart In people with high blood pressure, the heart has to work harder to keep up the increased pressure in the blood vessels. This puts a strain on the heart in the long term. It can affect the heart in a number of ways, including: Coronary heart disease, in which the arteries that feed the heart become narrow and clogged with fat and cholesterol deposits. People with coronary heart disease may experience angina Pressure, tightness, or constricting pain in the chest that occurs due to inadequate blood flow to heart muscle; is usually associated with significant coronary artery disease, the chest pain or discomfort in the chest that happens when the heart doesn't receive enough oxygen, or a heart attack, in which part of the heart is deprived of oxygen and becomes damaged. For further information about angina or heart attack, go to Angina or Heart Attack. Left ventricular hypertrophy, in which the wall of the major pumping chamber of the heart thickens as a result of the increased work by the heart. This can damage the normal functioning of the heart. People with left ventricular hypertrophy are at increased risk for stroke, heart attack, sudden death, and heart failure Inadequate pumping of the heart to maintain the forward circulation of blood, often resulting in the development of congestive heart failure and swelling in body tissues. Congestive heart failure, which occurs when the weakened heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the body's needs. Fluid may build up in the ankles, legs, lungs, and other tissues. For further information about heart failure, see Heart Failure. High Blood Pressure And Stroke High blood pressure is one of the most important risk factors for stroke. People with high blood pressure are up to ten times more likely than people with normal blood pressure to have a stroke. Like the heart, the brain depends on a constant supply of oxygenated blood. A stroke occurs when the brain's supply of oxygen and other nutrients is cut off. This can happen when the arteries leading to the brain become blocked (ischemic stroke) or when the artery wall tears (hemorrhagic stroke). This "brain attack" can cause permanent or temporary damage. If the stoppage and damage is temporary, it is called a transient ischemic attack (TIA). For more detailed information about stroke, go to Stroke. High blood pressure, especially high diastolic pressure, increases the risk of all kinds of stroke. Other Damage Caused By High Blood Pressure The dangers of high blood pressure are not limited to heart diseases and stroke. High blood pressure can damage other organs and cause other problems, including: Kidneys - Almost one-third of all cases of kidney failure are caused by high blood pressure. Bones - High blood pressure causes more calcium to be excreted in the urine, leading to a loss of bone mineral density called osteoporosis A condition in which the bones become weaker and are more likely to break. Postmenopausal After menopause, which refers to the time when a woman no longer has menstrual periods women are especially affected and may be at greater risk for fractures and other problems. Legs and feet - In people with high blood pressure, impaired blood flow Movement of blood through blood vessels to the legs and feet may cause a condition called peripheral vascular disease. People with peripheral vascular disease often experience leg pain, numbness, loss of leg hair, open sores on the legs, feet, and toes, and difficulty walking. Eyes - High blood pressure may cause damage to blood vessels in the eyes, leading to a disease of the retina. The brain - In older people, high blood pressure may cause a What are the causes of secondary high blood pressure? Renal (kidney) hypertension Adrenal gland tumors Coarctation of the aorta The metabolic syndrome and obesity |