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Structural steel
What is structural steel?
Variety of heavy steel shapes (such as the H-beams, I-beams, and T-beams) used as load bearing members of a structural frame. Collectively called structurals.

What is the difference between iron and steel?
Iron is an element that when combined with carbon and other elements makes steel.

Who invented steel?
Most credit Henry Bessemer with the invention of steel in 1856. He founded the Bessemer Steel Company in Sheffield, England. Today, steel is still produced using technology based on the Bessemer Process of blowing air through molten pig iron to oxidize the material and separate impurities.

What is meant by a “net” ton?
Net means the measurements of tons as 2,000 pounds. For every net ton, that equals 2,000 pounds.

Where can I find detailed information regarding worldwide pig iron production including: production plant name, production process type, capacity of the plant, type of solid residues/chemical composition of it, reuse of the residues/costs or benefits out of it, etc.?
Contact the World Steel Association, Rue Colonel Bourg 120, 1140 Brussels, Belgium, Phone #32-2-702-89-00, Fax #32-2-02-88-99, Web site: http://www.worldsteel.org or e-mail: Norris@worldsteel.org.

Is all metal pipe made from plate, then rolled? How is the seam closed?
Some pipe is pierced from a billet or bloom. Other pipe is cast. However, most pipe is rolled from steel plate, that is rolled into a pipe and welded closed. There are, of course, various forms of nonsteel pipe.

Where can I find information about comparable steels, based on chemical composition and/or mechanical properties?
You can find this in the 2nd Edition of Handbook of Comparative World Steel Standards available at ASTM at www.astm.org or order the DS67 B (handbook) at 610-832-9585 or fax 610-834-3636 email service@astm.org

At what strength (PSI) is steel considered structural steel?
Structural steel is a term used in the ASTM standards. You may obtain the definition by checking with American Society for Testing Materials (ASTM), 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428, Phone #610-832-9500, Fax #610-932-9555, Website; http://www.astm.org.

Structural iron and steel workers install iron or steel beams, girders, and columns to form buildings, bridges, and other structures.

Various structural steel shapes
Angle Iron (L-shaped cross-section)
Product Description
Angle iron
Origin:
Steel grade: Q195 Q215 Q235
Size (equal & unequal): 20mm-200mm
Length: 6 ~ 12m
Applications: Widely used in building construction, tower construction
Angle (L-shaped cross-section)
Bar, a piece of metal, rectangular cross sectioned (flat) and long, but not so wide so as to be called a sheet.
Channel (Structural channel, C-beam, C cross-section, C-shaped cross-section)
HSS-Shape (Hollow structural section also known as SHS -structural hollow section- and including square, rectangular, circular (pipe) and elliptical cross-sections) widely used in columns and storefront structures.
I-beam, I-shaped cross section or Universal Beams (UB) Universal Columns (UC)
Typical cross-sections of I-beams.

Illustration of an I-beam vibrating in torsion mode.

Steel Buildings
I-beams (I-shaped cross-section)
W - Wide flange steel beam (I-shaped cross-section) have parallel flange surfaces.
S - American Standard Beam (I-shaped cross-section) have a slope on the inner flange surfaces.
HP - Bearing Pile (H-shaped cross-section) have parallel flange surfaces and equal web and flange thicknesses.
M - Miscellaneous shapes cannot be classified as standard i-beams (W,S,HP), available from a limited number of manufacturers.
Railway rail
Metal Deck
Open web steel joist
Plate, sheet metal thicker than 6 mm or 1/4 in.
Rod, a round or square and long piece of metal or wood, see also rebar.
Tee (T-shaped cross-section)
Wide Flange (WF) and H sections
Z-Shape (half a flange in opposite directions


Rail profile (asymmetrical I-beam)
    Railway rail
    Vignoles rail
    Flanged T rail
    Grooved rail
Types of Train Rails

Tram Rails
Crane Rails
Light Rails
Rail Accesories
Cathode Bars
High Speed Rails
Heavy Haul Rails
Rails for Crossovers
Conductor Rail

A right-hand railroad switch with point indicator pointing to right
Here are further guidelines.